{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:26:13Z","timestamp":1772252773992,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The goal of our study is to launch magnetic force-driven orthodontics. This continuous study investigated the influence of magnet position on tipping and bodily tooth movement, using 3D printing technology and digital analysis. Orthodontic typodont models (TMs) for space-closure were 3D printed to mimic maxillary central incisors. Nd-Fe-B magnets were placed in the middle third (Model-M), and the cervical third (Model-C), of the tooth. TMs, before and after movement, were digitally scanned and superimposed. The 3D digital coordinates (X, Y, and Z axes), and rotations (yaw, pitch, and roll) of the tooth crown and root, were calculated and compared between the two magnet position settings. Model-M showed higher rates of movement, but more rotation than Model-C (p &lt; 0.01). The root apex of Model-M moved in the opposite direction of the crown (R = \u22120.29), indicating tipping movement. In contrast, the crown and root apex moved in the same direction (R = 0.56) in Model-C, indicating bodily movement. These patterns were confirmed in a typodont model of a moderate crowding case. The results validated that modifying the magnet position increased the amount of bodily tooth movement, and decreased rotation\/tipping in an ex vivo setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13163588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T08:28:35Z","timestamp":1597393715000},"page":"3588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of Magnet Position on Tipping and Bodily Tooth Movement in Magnetic Force-Driven Orthodontics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8686-3215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Ishida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Immunity and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukinori","family":"Kuwajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Immunity and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cliff","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orofacial Sciences, Division of Periodontology, University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaho","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Immunity and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3341-6681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John D.","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterial Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigemi","family":"Ishikawa-Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Immunity and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/19.4.431","article-title":"Clinical application of magnets in orthodontics and biological implications: A review","volume":"19","author":"Darendeliler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. 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