{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T04:37:10Z","timestamp":1778215030434,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,12]],"date-time":"2020-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41772277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41772277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020T130567;2016M602736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020T130567;2016M602736"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007128","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020JQ-373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JQ-373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, CHD","award":["300102269107;300102269401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["300102269107;300102269401"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To study the dynamic mechanical characteristics and constitutive relation of concrete materials under freeze\u2013thaw (FT) cycle conditions, C35 concrete was taken as the research object in this paper, and FT tests were carried out with a freeze\u2013thaw range of \u221220\u201320 \u00b0C and a freeze\u2013thaw frequency up to 50 times. By using the separated Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system, impact compression tests of concrete specimens under different FT cycle actions were developed, then the dynamic fracture morphology, fracture block distribution, stress\u2013strain curve, peak stress and other dynamic mechanical properties of concrete were analyzed, and the influence law of FT action and strain rate was obtained. Through introducing the freeze\u2013thaw deterioration damage factor and the stress damage variable, the dynamic visco-elastic damage constitutive equation of freeze\u2013thawed concrete was constructed based on component combination theory. Furthermore, the damage evolution process and mechanism of freeze\u2013thawed concrete materials were revealed. The research results show that the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete under a freeze\u2013thaw environment are the combined results of the freeze\u2013thaw deterioration effect and the strain rate strengthening effect. The dynamic visco-elastic damage constitutive model established in this paper can effectively describe the dynamic mechanical properties of freeze\u2013thawed concrete, and has the characteristics of few parameters and good effect. The stress damage evolution path of concrete goes backward with the increase of FT cycles and the development speed gradually slows down. The greater the difference in FT cycles, the greater the difference in stress damage path.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13184056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]],"date-time":"2020-09-13T21:11:32Z","timestamp":1600031492000},"page":"4056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Visco-Elastic Damage Constitutive Model of Freeze\u2013Thawed Concrete"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbiao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0507-3201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yubai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Holding Group, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fandong","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"Discussion on the damage propagation for the rock under the frost and thaw condition of frigid zone","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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