{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:49:06Z","timestamp":1791575346830,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/01\/16810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/01\/16810"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research aims to explore the effects of nanoparticles such as alumina (Al2O3) on the physical and mechanical properties of medium density fiberboards (MDF). The nanoparticles are added in urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin with different concentration levels e.g., 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% by weight. A combination of forest fibers such as Populus Deltuidess (Poplar) and Euamericana (Ghaz) are used as a composite reinforcement due to their exceptional abrasion confrontation as well as their affordability and economic value with Al2O3-UF as a matrix or nanofillers for making the desired nanocomposite specimens. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal analytical analysis (TAA) in the form of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are carried out and it has been found that increasing the percentage of alumina nanoparticles leads to an increase in the total heat content. The mechanical properties such as internal bonding (IB), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR), and physical properties such as density, water absorption (WA), and thickness swelling (TS) of the specimens have been investigated. The experimental results showed that properties of the new Nano-MDF are higher when compared to the normal samples. The results also showed that increasing the concentration of alumina nanoparticles in the urea-formaldehyde resin effects the mechanical properties of panels considerably.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13184207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T09:40:56Z","timestamp":1600767656000},"page":"4207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effect of Alumina Nano-Particles on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Medium Density Fiberboard"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hisham","family":"Alabduljabbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3821-5491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rayed","family":"Alyousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waheed","family":"Gul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Riaz Akbar","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afzal","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8280-5707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Razaullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University of Technology, Nowshera 24100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Alaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00107-008-0277-x","article-title":"Effects of formaldehyde\/urea mole ratio and melamine content on the hydrolytic stability of cured urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin","volume":"67","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. 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EN 323: 1993."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/13\/18\/4207\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:12:20Z","timestamp":1760177540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/13\/18\/4207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ma13184207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma13184207","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]}}}