{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:00:02Z","timestamp":1792638002527,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ftirma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1059B191800913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1059B191800913"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wy\u017cszego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["005\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["005\/RID\/2018\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies on the application of auxetic metamaterials and structures in furniture joints are very limited. However, they have huge potential for use in ready-to-assemble furniture. This study aimed to design and produce different types of auxetic dowels in 3D printing technology, and experimentally and numerically analyze the withdrawal strength of these dowels. In the scope of the study, 24 auxetic dowels with different types and size of inclusions, different diameter of holes, and a non-auxetic reference dowel were designed and produced with appropriate muffs. Dowels were 3D printed from polyamide (PA12). Poisson\u2019s ratios, withdrawal strength, contact pressures, and friction coefficients of dowels were determined theoretically by means of numerical analyses and real static compression tests. After the pre-production of dowels, the dowels with triangular inclusions have not been found to have sufficient strength and stiffness. Withdrawal strength of dowels decreased as the size of inclusions is decreased, or dowel hole diameter is increased. Furthermore, contact pressures and stresses in auxetic dowels were considerably lower than non-auxetic dowels under the withdrawal force.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13194252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T08:33:03Z","timestamp":1600936383000},"page":"4252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Experimental and Numerical Study on Withdrawal Strength of Different Types of Auxetic Dowels for Furniture Joints"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4632-0072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Kasal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woodworking Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Mu\u011fla Sitki Ko\u00e7man University, Mugla 48000, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6657-139X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tolga","family":"Ku\u015fkun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woodworking Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Mu\u011fla Sitki Ko\u00e7man University, Mugla 48000, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9101-0981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy","family":"Smardzewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Furniture Design, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Withdrawal strength of dowels from wood composites","volume":"35","author":"Eckelman","year":"1985","journal-title":"For. 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