{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T02:54:28Z","timestamp":1788836068990,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University; North Dakota Department of Commerce","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The number of total joint replacements (TJR) is on the rise with a corresponding increase in the number of infected TJR, which necessitates revision surgeries. Current treatments with either non-biodegradable, antibiotic-releasing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based bone cement, or systemic antibiotic after surgical debridement do not provide effective treatment due to fluctuating antibiotic levels at the site of infection. Here, we report a biodegradable, easy-to-use \u201cpress-fitting\u201d antibiotic-releasing bone void filling (ABVF) putty that not only provides efficient antibiotic release kinetics at the site of infection but also allows efficient osseointegration. The ABVF formulation was prepared using poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polycaprolactone (PCL) as the polymer matrix, antibiotic vancomycin, and osseointegrating synthetic bone PRO OSTEON for bone-growth support. ABVF was homogenous, had a porous structure, was moldable, and showed putty-like mechanical properties. The ABVF putty released vancomycin for 6 weeks at therapeutic level. Furthermore, the released vancomycin showed in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus for 6 weeks. Vancomycin was not toxic to osteoblasts. Finally, ABVF was biodegradable in vivo and showed an effective infection control with the treatment group showing significantly higher bone growth (p &lt; 0.001) compared to the control group. The potential of infection treatment and osseointegration makes the ABVF putty a promising treatment option for osteomyelitis after TJR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13225080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T19:08:28Z","timestamp":1605121708000},"page":"5080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["An Antibiotic-Releasing Bone Void Filling (ABVF) Putty for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Raquib","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbey","family":"Wohlers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Shreffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranothi","family":"Mulinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunter","family":"Ostlie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, St. George\u2019s University, University Centre Grenada, West Indies, Grenada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Codi","family":"Schaper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84734, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9785-5969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA"},{"name":"Department of Research and Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84734, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2007.10.017","article-title":"Infection Burden for Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in the United States","volume":"23","author":"Kurtz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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