{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:53:28Z","timestamp":1787028808380,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The goal of this work is to study the influence of different curing systems on the cure characteristics and performance of styrene\u2013butadiene elastomer (SBR) filled with carbon black or nanosized silica. A multifunctional additive for rubber compounds, namely Activ8, was applied as an additional activator and accelerator to increase the efficiency of sulfur vulcanization and to reduce the content of zinc oxide elastomers cured in the presence of 2-mercaptobenzothizole or 1,3-diphenylguanidine as a primary accelerator. The influence of the curing system composition on the crosslink density and physical properties of SBR vulcanizates, such as mechanical properties, thermal stability, and resistance to thermo-oxidative aging, is also reported. Activ8 effectively supports the vulcanization of SBR compounds, especially filled with nanosized silica. It reduces the optimal vulcanization time of SBR compounds and increases the crosslink density of the vulcanizates. Moreover, vulcanizates with Activ8 exhibit higher tensile strength and better damping properties than elastomer with zinc oxide. Activ8 allows the amount of ZnO to be reduced by 40% without detrimental effects on the crosslink density and mechanical performance compared to the vulcanizates conventionally crosslinked with ZnO. This is an important ecological goal since ZnO is classified as being toxic to aquatic species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13235329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T08:59:15Z","timestamp":1606294755000},"page":"5329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Influence of Curing Systems on the Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Styrene\u2013Butadiene Elastomer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7110-290X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Maciejewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Street 12\/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Siwek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Street 12\/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.5254\/rct.16.83758","article-title":"Vulcanization of rubber compounds with peroxide curing systems","volume":"90","author":"Hudec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rubber Chem. 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