{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T07:09:22Z","timestamp":1768547362145,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["BS\/PB 1-100-3010\/2020P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BS\/PB 1-100-3010\/2020P"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, an analysis of a three-dimensional state of strain and stress in the case of the hot cogging process of X32CrMoV12-28 die steel with the application of the finite element method is presented. The results of the investigations connected with the simulation of the kinematics of metal flow and thermal phenomena are presented, accompanied by prognosing the formation of ductile fractures in the course of the hot cogging process conducted with the application of three different shape tools and of a proposed deformation criterion of the loss of cohesion. The applied anvils were found to be highly effective in the aspects of distribution of effective strains and stresses, absence of tensile stresses in the axial zones of a forging, and also of a significant thermal stability in the internal layers of a deformed material. The developed course of changes in the deformation of the damage factor in the case of forging in the investigated anvils renders it possible to predict the situation and the phase of deformation in which the loss of cohesion by a deformed material will occur. The comparison between the predicted and the experimental results showed a good agreement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13245589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T09:17:04Z","timestamp":1607419024000},"page":"5589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analysis of Deformation and Prediction of Cracks in the Cogging Process for Die Steel at Elevated Temperatures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9925-7065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Kukuryk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2005.03.013","article-title":"Numerical simulation of the forging process","volume":"195","author":"Hartley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comput. 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