{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:41:55Z","timestamp":1770741715000,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials of China","award":["2019-Z10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-Z10"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRF-GF-19-012AZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRF-GF-19-012AZ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Highly-aligned flake graphite (FG) reinforced Cu matrix composites with high thermal conductivity and adaptive coefficient of thermal expansion were successfully prepared via the collaborative process of tape-casting and hot-pressing sintering. To overcome the problem of fragile interface, Zr-Cu alloy powder was introduced instead of pure Zr powder to enhance the interfacial strength, ascribed to the physical-chemical bonding at the Cu-FG interface. The results indicate that the synthetic ZrC as interfacial phase affects the properties of FG\/Cu composites. The thermal conductivity reaches the maximum value of 608.7 W\/m\u2219K (52% higher than pure Cu) with 0.5 wt % Zr. Surprisingly, the negative coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in the Z direction is acquired from \u22127.61 \u00d7 10\u22126 to \u22121.1 \u00d7 10\u22126\/K with 0 to 2 wt % Zr due to the physical mechanism of strain-engineering of the thermal expansion. Moreover, the CTE in X-Y plane with Zr addition is 8~10 \u00d7 10\u22126\/K, meeting the requirements of semiconductor materials. Furthermore, the bending strength of the FG\/Cu-2 wt % Zr composite is 42% higher than the FG\/Cu composite. Combining excellent thermal conductivity with ultralow thermal expansion make the FG\/Cu-Zr composites be a highly promising candidate in the electronic packaging field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13245709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T21:25:08Z","timestamp":1607981108000},"page":"5709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Zr-Cu Alloy Powder on Microstructure and Properties of Cu Matrix Composite with Highly-Aligned Flake Graphite"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6525-228X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cunguang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Innovation Group of Marine Engineering Materials and Corrosion Control, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianyue","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengwei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tianyishangjia New Material Corp., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weihao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Innovation Group of Marine Engineering Materials and Corrosion Control, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microrel.2017.10.007","article-title":"Trend of the Development of Metal-Based Heat Dissipative Materials","volume":"79","author":"Mizuuchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microelectron. Reliab."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1080\/10408436.2015.1076717","article-title":"Metal Matrix Composites for Thermal Management: A Review","volume":"41","author":"Sidhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2020.100672","article-title":"The Superior Mechanical and Physical Properties of Nanocarbon Reinforced Bulk Composites Achieved by Architecture Design\u2014A Review","volume":"113","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kov\u00e1\u010dik, J., and Emmer, \u0160. (2019). Cross Property Connection between the Electric and the Thermal Conductivities of Copper Graphite Composites. Int. J. Eng. Sci., 144.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijengsci.2019.103130"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morvan, A., Grosseau-Poussard, J.-L., Caillault, N., Delange, F., Roure, S., Lepretre, P., and Silvain, J.-F. (2019). Powder Processing Methodology for Fabrication of Copper\/Graphite Composite Materials with Enhanced Thermal Properties. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 124.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2019.105474"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microstructure and Nanoindentation Behavior of Cu Composites Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets by Electroless Co-Deposition Technique","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b01664","article-title":"The Origin of High Thermal Conductivity and Ultralow Thermal Expansion in Copper-Graphite Composites","volume":"15","author":"Firkowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2018.08.274","article-title":"Thermal Properties of In Situ Grown Graphene Reinforced Copper Matrix Laminated Composites","volume":"771","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2017.11.033","article-title":"Effect of Matrix-Alloying-Element Chromium on the Microstructure and Properties of Graphite Flakes\/Copper Composites Fabricated by Hot Pressing Sintering","volume":"127","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2017.11.019","article-title":"Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Flake Graphite\/Copper Composite with a Boron Carbide-Boron Nano-Layer on Graphite Surface","volume":"106","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2016.10.032","article-title":"Carbon Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites: Fabrication Processes and Properties","volume":"92","author":"Shirvanimoghaddam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2018.01.332","article-title":"Layer by Layer Graphite Film Reinforced Aluminum Composites with an Enhanced Performance of Thermal Conduction in the Thermal Management Applications","volume":"742","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2019.02.019","article-title":"Monomer Casting Nylon\/Graphene Nanocomposite with Both Improved Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Performance","volume":"120","author":"Zhuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diamond.2019.107571","article-title":"Thermal and Electrical Anisotropy of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets and Aluminum-Based Particles","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diam. Relat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2016.06.122","article-title":"Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Flake Graphite\/Al Composite with a SiC Nano-Layer on Graphite Surface","volume":"108","author":"Xue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2014.08.034","article-title":"Microstructure and Thermal Properties of Copper Matrix Composites Reinforced by Chromium-Coated Discontinuous Graphite Fibers","volume":"73","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2018.08.015","article-title":"Ultrahigh Thermal Conductivity Copper\/Graphite Membrane Composites Prepared by Tape Casting with Hot-Pressing Sintering","volume":"231","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2017.05.082","article-title":"Properties and Microstructure of Nickel-Coated Graphite Flakes\/Copper Composites Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering","volume":"121","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2012.06.045","article-title":"Modeling the in-Plane Thermal Conductivity of a Graphite\/Polymer Composite Sheet with a Very High Content of Natural Flake Graphite","volume":"50","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2008.02.026","article-title":"Fabrication and Properties of Graphite Flakes\/Metal Composites for Thermal Management Applications","volume":"59","author":"Prieto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2018.12.053","article-title":"Interfacial Structure Evolution and Thermal Conductivity of Cu-Zr\/Diamond Composites Prepared by Gas Pressure Infiltration","volume":"781","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2017.02.005","article-title":"Design of Interfacial Cr3C2 Carbide Layer via Optimization of Sintering Parameters Used to Fabricate Copper\/Diamond Composites for Thermal Management Applications","volume":"120","author":"Kruszewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.01.078","article-title":"Mo2C Coating on Diamond: Different Effects on Thermal Conductivity of Diamond\/Al and Diamond\/Cu Composites","volume":"402","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2015.07.022","article-title":"High Thermal Conductivity through Interfacial Layer Optimization in Diamond Particles Dispersed Zr-Alloyed Cu Matrix Composites","volume":"109","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.11.273","article-title":"High Thermal Conductivity of Cu-B\/Diamond Composites Prepared by Gas Pressure Infiltration","volume":"735","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2017.10.030","article-title":"In-Situ Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets Coated Copper for Preparing Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites","volume":"709","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2018.04.021","article-title":"Unveiling the Interfacial Configuration in Diamond\/Cu Composites by Using Statistical Analysis of Metallized Diamond Surface","volume":"152","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2020.01.059","article-title":"Effect of Molybdenum Particles on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Graphite Flake\/Copper Composites","volume":"161","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s11669-012-0077-1","article-title":"Cu-Zr (Copper-Zirconium)","volume":"33","author":"Okamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phase Equilibria Diffus."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.calphad.2018.02.008","article-title":"Interdiffusion Behaviors and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Zr System","volume":"61","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Calphad"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.6028\/jres.037.015","article-title":"Thermal-Expansion Stresses in Reinforced Plastics","volume":"37","author":"Turner","year":"1946","journal-title":"J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1088\/0370-1301\/69\/8\/305","article-title":"The Elastic and Thermo-Elastic Properties of Composite Media","volume":"69","author":"Kerner","year":"1956","journal-title":"Proc. Phys. Soc. Sect. B"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1080\/14686996.2017.1286222","article-title":"Composites of Aluminum Alloy and Magnesium Alloy with Graphite Showing Low Thermal Expansion and High Specific Thermal Conductivity","volume":"18","author":"Oddone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1007\/s12613-019-1889-3","article-title":"Tungsten Nanoparticle-Strengthened Copper Composite Prepared by a Sol-Gel Method and In-Situ Reaction","volume":"26","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Miner. Met. Mater."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2020.140161","article-title":"Enhanced Mechanical and Electrical Properties of In Situ Synthesized Nano-Tungsten Dispersion-Strengthened Copper Alloy","volume":"799","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2013.09.207","article-title":"Thermophysical Properties and Microstructure of Graphite Flake\/Copper Composites Processed by Electroless Copper Coating","volume":"587","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98190","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA17804A","article-title":"Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of a Flake Graphite\/Cu Composite with a Silicon Nano-Layer on a Graphite Surface","volume":"6","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2017.11.048","article-title":"Thermal Properties of Graphene\/Metal Composites with Aligned Graphene","volume":"140","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2017.10.099","article-title":"Largely Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Graphene\/Copper Composites with Highly Aligned Graphene Network","volume":"127","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbon"}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/13\/24\/5709\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:45:02Z","timestamp":1760179502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/13\/24\/5709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ma13245709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma13245709","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]}}}