{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:02:39Z","timestamp":1789084959062,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52076173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52076173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51606152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51606152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China postdoctoral science foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020M680157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M680157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["sxxj032020009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["sxxj032020009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the high temperature erosion mechanisms and damage characteristics of a boronized coating have been systematically studied by employing an improved high-temperature accelerated erosion test bench and impact contact theory analyses. Within the scope of the experimental parameters, the erosion rate of the boronized coating under the same erosion conditions was observed to be only one half to one-twelfth of the erosion rate of the substrate. Furthermore, the boronized coating was noted to be less sensitive to the speed of the erosion particles than the plastic substrate, thus, indicating superior and more stable erosion resistance than the base material. The boronized coating exhibited typical brittle fracture characteristics under impact by the high-speed particles. When the particle impact normal stress exceeded the critical stress for crack propagation owing to the coating defects, the surface and subsurface layers of the coating initially formed horizontal and vertical micro-cracks, followed by their gradual expansion and intersection. After destabilization, the brittle coating material was peeled layer-by-layer from the surface of the test piece. At the same incident speed, as the particle size was increased from 65 \u03bcm to 226 \u03bcm and 336 \u03bcm, the size (width) of the erosion cracks on the coating surface increased from 1 \u03bcm to 30 \u03bcm and 100 \u03bcm respectively. Correspondingly, the erosion damage thickness of the coating was enhanced from 15 \u03bcm to 50 \u03bcm and 100 \u03bcm. In the case of the quartz sand particle size exceeding 300 \u03bcm, the dual-phase boronized coating did not provide effective protection to the substrate. Furthermore, based on the elastoplastic fracture theory, a prediction model for the erosion weight loss of the boronized coatings within the effective thickness range has been proposed in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14010123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T09:35:23Z","timestamp":1609320923000},"page":"123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Investigation of the Erosion Damage Mechanism and Erosion Prediction of Boronized Coatings at Elevated Temperatures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Liu-Xi","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun-Sen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze-Kun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wear.2020.203277","article-title":"Erosion studies of the iron boride coatings for protection of tubing components in oil production, mineral processing and engineering applications","volume":"452\u2013453","author":"Medvedovski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1687814019825963","article-title":"Effect of oblique stator on the aerodynamic performance and erosion characteristics of governing stage blades in a supercritical steam turbine","volume":"11","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. 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