{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:29:46Z","timestamp":1762918186985,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanofibrous substrates and scaffolds are widely being studied as matrices for 3D cell cultures, and disease models as well as for analytics and diagnostic purposes. These scaffolds usually comprise randomly oriented fibers. Much less common are nanofibrous scaffolds made of stiff inorganic materials such as alumina. Well-aligned matrices are a promising tool for evaluation of behavior of biological objects affected by micro\/nano-topologies as well as anisotropy. In this work, for the first time, we report a joint analysis of biomechanical properties of new ultra-anisotropic, self-aligned ceramic nanofibers augmented with two modifications of graphene shells (GAIN scaffolds) and their interaction of three different viral types (influenza virus A, picornavirus (human parechovirus) and potato virus). It was discovered that nano-topology and structure of the graphene layers have a significant implication on mechanical properties of GAIN scaffolds resulting in non-linear behavior. It was demonstrated that the viral adhesion to GAIN scaffolds is likely to be guided by physical cues in dependence on mutual steric factors, as the scaffolds lack common cell membrane proteins and receptors which viruses usually deploy for transfection. The study may have implications for selective viral adsorption, infected cells analysis, and potentially opening new tools for anti-viral drugs development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14010164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T10:10:37Z","timestamp":1609409437000},"page":"164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biomechanical Features of Graphene-Augmented Inorganic Nanofibrous Scaffolds and Their Physical Interaction with Viruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5782-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Gasik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Foundation, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, EE-19086 Tallinn, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6108-5499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jekaterina","family":"Kazantseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yevgen","family":"Bilotsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seqvera Ltd. Oy, Helsinki University Central Hospital Area, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3081-2491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Hussainova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, EE-19086 Tallinn, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.13.46","article-title":"Advanced nanobiomaterial strategies for the development of organized tissue en-gineering constructs","volume":"8","author":"An","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00326","article-title":"Bio-Fabrication: Convergence of 3D bioprinting and nano-biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":"8","author":"Eglin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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