{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T18:24:37Z","timestamp":1783103077056,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cold roll forming process is broadly used to produce a specific shape of cold-roll formed products for their applications in automobiles, aerospace, shipbuilding, and construction sectors. Moreover, a proper selection of strip thickness and forming speed to avoid fracture is most important for manufacturing a quality product. This research aims to investigate the presence of longitudinal bow, the reason behind flange height deviation, spring-back, and identification of thinning location in the cold roll-forming of symmetrical short U-profile sheets. A room temperature tensile test is performed for the commercially available AA5052\u2013H32 Al alloy sheets using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique, which allows complete displacement and strain data information at each time-step. The material properties are estimated from the digital images using correlation software for tested samples; the plastic strain ratios are also calculated from samples at 0\u00b0, 45\u00b0, and 90\u00b0 to the rolling direction. The tested sample\u2019s surface morphology and the elemental analysis are conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analytical technique combined with element mapping analysis, respectively. The cold roll forming experiments are systematically carried out, and then finite element analysis is utilized to correlate the experiment with the model. The performed cold roll forming numerical model outcome indicates a good agreement with the experimental measurements. Overall, the presented longitudinal strain was observed to influence the geometry profile. The spring-back is also noticed at the profile tail end and is more pronounced at high forming speed with lower strip thickness. Conversely, while the forming speed is varied, the strain and stress variations are observed to be insignificant, and the similar results also are recognized for the thinning behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14020470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T11:39:55Z","timestamp":1611056395000},"page":"470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Experimental and Numerical Investigation of AA5052-H32 Al Alloy with U-Profile in Cold Roll Forming"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8083-6489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohanraj","family":"Murugesan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Sajjad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-4884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Won","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-0136(02)00193-0","article-title":"The application of roll forming for automotive structural parts","volume":"132","author":"Sweeney","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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