{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:47:27Z","timestamp":1760233647975,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/25\/B\/ST5\/01032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/25\/B\/ST5\/01032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Presented is a study on the original preparation of individual and in situ intimately mixed composite nanocrystalline powders in the titanium nitride-aluminum nitride system, Ti:Al = 1:1 (at.), which were used in high pressure (7.7 GPa) and high temperature (650 and 1200 \u00b0C) sintering with no binding additives for diverse individual and composite nanoceramics. First, variations in precursor processing pathways and final nitridation temperatures, 800 and 1100 \u00b0C, afforded a pool of mixed in the nanosized regime cubic TiN (c-TiN) and hexagonal AlN (h-AlN) composite nanopowders both with varying average crystallite sizes. Second, the sintering temperatures were selected either to preserve initial powder nanocrystallinity (650 \u00b0C was lower than both nitridation temperatures) or promote crystal growth and recrystallization (1200 \u00b0C was higher than both nitridation temperatures). Potential equilibration towards bimetallic compounds upon solution mixing of the organometallic precursors to nanopowders, monomeric Ti[N(CH3)2]4 and dimeric {Al[N(CH3)2]3}2, was studied with 1H and 13C NMR in C6D6 solution. The powders and nanoceramics, both of the composites and individual nitrides, were characterized if applicable by powder XRD, FT-IR, SEM\/EDX, Vicker\u2019s hardness, and helium density. The Vicker\u2019s hardness tests confirmed many of the composite and individual nanoceramics having high hardnesses comparable with those of the reference h-AlN and c-TiN ceramics. This is despite extended phase segregation and, frequently, closed microsized pore formation linked mainly to the AlN component. No evidence was found for metastable alloying of the two crystallographically different nitrides under the applied synthesis and sintering conditions. The high pressure and high temperature sintering of the individual and in situ synthesis-mixed composite nanopowders of TiN-AlN was demonstrated to yield robust nanoceramics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14030588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T06:10:54Z","timestamp":1611727854000},"page":"588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Composite Nitride Nanoceramics in the System Titanium Nitride (TiN)-Aluminum Nitride (AlN) through High Pressure and High Temperature Sintering of Synthesis-Mixed Nanocrystalline Powders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Dryga\u015b","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fuels Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5486-5283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Lejda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fuels Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0145-6475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy F.","family":"Janik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fuels Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1665-5920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan","family":"Musielak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Gierlotka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Soko\u0142owska 29\/37, 01-142 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1479-828X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svitlana","family":"Stelmakh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Soko\u0142owska 29\/37, 01-142 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Pa\u0142osz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Soko\u0142owska 29\/37, 01-142 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2020.00181","article-title":"A comprehensive review on the synthesis and energy applications of nano-structured metal nitrides","volume":"7","author":"Ashraf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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