{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T08:55:28Z","timestamp":1767084928609,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Center Poland","award":["DEC-2017\/25\/N\/ST8\/01005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEC-2017\/25\/N\/ST8\/01005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a comparative assessment of Cu(acac)2 and {[Cu(\u03bc-O,O\u2032-NO3) (L-arg)(2,2\u2032-bpy)]\u00b7NO3}n as potential precursors for the electroless metallization of laser activated polymer materials. Coatings consisting of polyurethane resin, one of the two mentioned precursor compounds, and antimony oxide (Sb2O3), as a compound strongly absorbing infrared radiation, were applied on the polycarbonate substrate. The coatings were activated with infrared Nd: YAG laser radiation (\u03bb = 1064 nm) and electroless metallized. It was found that after laser irradiation, a micro-rough surface structure of the coatings was formed, on which copper was present in various oxidation states, as well as in its metallic form. For selected parameters of laser irradiation, it was possible to deposit a copper layer on the coating containing Cu(acac)2 and Sb2O3, which is characterized by high adhesion strength. It was also found that the {[Cu(\u03bc-O,O\u2032-NO3) (L-arg)(2,2\u2032-bpy)]\u00b7NO3}n complex was not an effective precursor for the electroless metallization of Nd:YAG laser activated coatings. An attempt was made to determine the influence of the precursor chemical structure on the obtained metallization effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14040978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T09:06:10Z","timestamp":1613725570000},"page":"978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Cu(acac)2 and {[Cu(\u03bc-O,O\u2032-NO3) (L-arg) (2,2\u2032-bpy)]\u00b7NO3}n as Potential Precursors of Electroless Metallization of Laser-Activated Polymer Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8574-0742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Jagodzi\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Rytlewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4188-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Moraczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13714","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b01856","article-title":"Laser-induced selective metallization on polymer substrates using organocopper for portable electronics","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8802","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TC02914K","article-title":"Self-Reducible Copper Inks Composed of Copper\u2013Amino Complexes and Preset Submicron Copper Seeds for Thick Conductive Patterns on a Flexible Substrate","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b15726","article-title":"Electroless Deposition Metals on Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Strong Adhesion As Flexible and Stretchable Conductive Materials","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1021\/am405539r","article-title":"Fabrication of Copper Patterns on Flexible Substrate by Patterning-Adsorption-Plating Process","volume":"6","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-010-3051-2","article-title":"Selective metallization of polymers using laser induced surface activation (LISA)\u2014characterization and optimization of porous surface topography","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-7496(03)00045-9","article-title":"Polymer pretreatment for enhanced adhesion of metals deposited by the electroless process","volume":"23","author":"Chambonnier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intl. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2006.05.032","article-title":"Palladium (+2) reduction: A key step for the electroless Nimetallization of insulating substrates by a tin-free process","volume":"515","author":"Chambonnier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thin Solid Film."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1163\/016942410X550021","article-title":"An explanation of the selective plating of laser machined surfaces using surface tension components","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Adhes. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2018.11.091","article-title":"Laser-assisted selective copper deposition on commercial PA6 by catalytic electroless plating\u2014Process and activation mechanism","volume":"470","author":"Ratautas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.2961\/jlmn.2015.02.0018","article-title":"Experimental investigation and optimization for the effective parameters in the laser direct structuring process","volume":"10","author":"Bachya","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Laser Micro Nanoen."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2016.11.041","article-title":"Selective metallization on copper aluminate composite via laser direct structuring technology","volume":"110","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"163","article-title":"Metalizowanie bezpr\u0105dowe tworzyw polimerowych","volume":"62","author":"Moraczewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polimery"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2005.05.006","article-title":"Ni direct electroless metallization of polymers by a new palladium-free process","volume":"200","author":"Charbonnier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2005.07.061","article-title":"Copper metallization of polymers by a palladium-free electroless process","volume":"200","author":"Charbonnier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2011.04.105","article-title":"Surface morphology studies of laser irradiated and chemically metalized polyamide composites","volume":"205","author":"Rytlewski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2011.12.006","article-title":"Laser induced electroactivity of polyamide composites","volume":"61","author":"Rytlewski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2019.144429","article-title":"Laser-induced surface activation and electroless metallization of polyurethane coating containing copper(II) L-tyrosine","volume":"505","author":"Rytlewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8996","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b15828","article-title":"Selective Metallization Induced by Laser Activation: Fabricating Metallized Patterns on Polymer via Metal Oxide Composite","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33999","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b11305","article-title":"Fabricating Metallic Circuit Patterns on Polymer Substrates through Laser and Selective Metallization","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30305","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA04813D","article-title":"Percolation Effect of a Cu Layer on a MWCNT\/PP Nanocomposite Substrate after Laser Direct Structuring and Autocatalytic Plating","volume":"8","author":"Gedvilas","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700937","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201700937","article-title":"Exposing Metal Oxide with Intrinsic Catalytic Activity by Near-Infrared Pulsed Laser: Laser-Induced Selective Metallization on Polymer Materials","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2017.11.015","article-title":"Recognition of laser-marked quick response codes on polypropylene surfaces","volume":"147","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.031","article-title":"Influences of diantimony trioxide on laser-marking properties of thermoplastic polyurethane","volume":"154","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Wojciechowska, A., Wojkiewicz, A., G\u0105gor, A.B., and P\u00f3\u017aniak, B. (2017). Krystaliczna forma kompleksu azotan (V) [((S)-2-amino-5-guanidynopentan-N,O) (\u03bc-O,O\u2032-azotano(V)) (2,2\u2032-dipirydyl) miedzi(II)] i spos\u00f3b jej wytwarzania. (No.227112), Polska Patent."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1021\/jp076981k","article-title":"Oxidation of polycrystalline copper thin films at ambient conditions","volume":"112","author":"Platzman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2015.06.017","article-title":"Graphite-supported ultra-small copper nanoparticles\u2014Preparation, characterization and catalysis applications","volume":"93","author":"Mabit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2014.11.077","article-title":"Generalized molybdenum oxide surface chemical state XPS determination via informed amorphous sample model","volume":"326","author":"Baltrusaitis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-016-5878-8","article-title":"Application of thermogravimetry in the assessment of coatings ability to be metalized","volume":"127","author":"Rytlewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watts, J., and Wolstenholme, J. (2003). An Introduction to Surface Analysis by XPS and AES, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/0470867930"}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/14\/4\/978\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:26:06Z","timestamp":1760160366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/14\/4\/978"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ma14040978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma14040978","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1996-1944"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]}}}