{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:59:30Z","timestamp":1792022370682,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005634","name":"Suomen Hammasl\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4riseura Apollonia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Personal Grant for J.H."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Personal Grant for J.H."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005634","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Eemil Aaltonen foundation","award":["Personal Grant for J.S."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Personal Grant for J.S."]}]},{"name":"Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District research funds","award":["Personal Grant for J.S."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Personal Grant for J.S."]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["299749 (J.R.)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["299749 (J.R.)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["328768 (J.R.)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["328768 (J.R.)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of fixed prosthodontic materials after polishing or roughening with a stainless steel curette or ultrasonic scaler and to examine the effect of these on Streptococcus mutans adhesion and biofilm accumulation. Thirty specimens (10 \u00d7 10 \u00d7 3 mm3) of zirconia (Zr), pressed lithium disilicate (LDS-Press), milled lithium disilicate glazed (LDS-Glaze), titanium grade V (Ti) and cobalt-chromium (CoCr) were divided into three groups (n = 10) according to surface treatment: polished (C), roughened with stainless steel curette (SC), roughened with ultrasonic scaler (US). Surface roughness values (Sa, Sq) were measured with a spinning disc confocal microscope, and contact angles and surface free energy (SFE) were measured with a contact angle meter. The specimens were covered with sterilized human saliva and immersed into Streptococcus mutans suspensions for bacterial adhesion. The biofilm was allowed to form for 24 h. Sa values were in the range of 0.008\u20130.139 \u00b5m depending on the material and surface treatment. Curette and ultrasonic scaling increased the surface roughness in LDS-Glaze (p &lt; 0.05), Ti (p &lt; 0.01) and CoCr (p &lt; 0.001), however, surface roughness did not affect bacterial adhesion. Zr C and US had a higher bacterial adhesion percentage compared to LDS-Glaze C and US (p = 0.03). There were no differences between study materials in terms of biofilm accumulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14041027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T14:23:27Z","timestamp":1614003807000},"page":"1027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Surface Roughness and Streptococcus mutans Adhesion on Metallic and Ceramic Fixed Prosthodontic Materials after Scaling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jenni","family":"Hjerppe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8032 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampo","family":"Rodas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocenter Oulu &amp; Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Korvala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocenter Oulu &amp; Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Pesonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kaisanlahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocenter Oulu &amp; Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9623-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mutlu","family":"\u00d6zcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Dental Medicine, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8032 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juho","family":"Suojanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00e4ij\u00e4t-H\u00e4me Joint Authority for Health and Wellbeing, Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery, 15850 Lahti, Finland"},{"name":"Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justus","family":"Reunanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocenter Oulu &amp; Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2014.6.6.456","article-title":"Comparative analysis of transmittance for different types of commercially available zirconia and lithium disilicate materials","volume":"6","author":"Harianawala","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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