{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:52:06Z","timestamp":1787161926172,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 2018\/02\/X\/ST5\/02784"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2018\/02\/X\/ST5\/02784"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work aims to investigate the process of obtaining highly filled glass and carbon fiber composites. Composites were manufactured using previously obtained cellulose derived polyol, polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI). As a catalyst, dibutyltin dilaurate 95% and Dabco\u00ae 33-LV were used. It was found that the addition of carbon and glass fibers into the polymer matrix causes an increase in the mechanical properties such as impact and flexural strength, Young\u2019s modulus, and hardness of the material. Moreover, the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed a significant increase in the material\u2019s storage modulus and rigidity in a wide range of temperatures. The increase in glass transition of soft segments can be noticed due to the limitation of macromolecules mobility in the material. The thermogravimetric analysis showed a four step decomposition, with maximal degradation rate at TmaxII = 320\u2013330 \u00b0C and TmaxIII = 395\u2013405 \u00b0C, as well as a significant improvement of thermal stability. Analysis of the material structure using a scanning electron microscope showed the presence of material defects such as voids, fiber pull-outs, and agglomerates of both fibers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14061391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]],"date-time":"2021-03-14T22:13:10Z","timestamp":1615759990000},"page":"1391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Characterization of Highly Filled Glass Fiber\/Carbon Fiber Polyurethane Composites with the Addition of Bio-Polyol Obtained through Biomass Liquefaction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6866-4933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Olszewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6590-6872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Kosmela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1363-4988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Piszczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2019.01.008","article-title":"Accelerated Aging of a Glass Fiber\/Polyurethane Composite for Automotive Applications","volume":"74","author":"Panaitescu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. 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