{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T04:54:12Z","timestamp":1762145652622,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology","award":["COMET-programme PCCL-K1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMET-programme PCCL-K1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012416","name":"Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COMET-programme PCCL-K1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMET-programme PCCL-K1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The problem of crack propagation from internal defects in thermoplastic cylindrical bearing elements is addressed in this paper. The crack propagation in these elements takes place under mixed-mode conditions\u2014i.e., all three possible loading modes (tensile opening mode I and shear opening modes II and III) of the crack are combined together. Moreover, their mutual relation changes during the rotation of the element. The dependency of the stress intensity factors on the crack length was described by general parametric equations. The model was then modified by adding a void to simulate the presence of a manufacturing defect. It was found that the influence of the void on the stress intensity factor values is quite high, but it fades with crack propagating further from the void. The effect of the friction between the crack faces was find negligible on stress intensity factor values. The results presented in this paper can be directly used for the calculation of bearing elements lifetime without complicated finite element simulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14102656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T12:58:07Z","timestamp":1621429087000},"page":"2656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Crack Propagation Analysis of Compression Loaded Rolling Elements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1556-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavol","family":"Dlh\u00fd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, \u017di\u017ekova 22, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purky\u0148ova 656\/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5320-4854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Podu\u0161ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, \u017di\u017ekova 22, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technick\u00e1 2896\/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8863-2667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Berer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Gosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Material Science and Testing of Polymers, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto Gloeckel-Stra\u00dfe 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3396-3861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ondrej","family":"Sl\u00e1vik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, \u017di\u017ekova 22, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technick\u00e1 2896\/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1570-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lubo\u0161","family":"N\u00e1hl\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, \u017di\u017ekova 22, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3827-5408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Huta\u0159","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, \u017di\u017ekova 22, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostr.2017.12.026","article-title":"Tribological characterization of modified polymeric blends","volume":"8","author":"Avalle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Struct. 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