{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T12:29:31Z","timestamp":1775564971083,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. 51474123 & No. 51974187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 51474123 & No. 51974187"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016YFC0801603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0801603"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) is an apparatus for testing the dynamic stress-strain response of the cement mortar specimen with pre-set joints at different angles to explore the influence of joint attitudes of underground rock engineering on the failure characteristics of rock mass structure. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has also been used to measure the pore distribution and internal cracks of the specimen before and after the testing. In combination with numerical analysis, the paper systematically discusses the influence of joint angles on the failure mode of rock-like materials from three aspects of energy dissipation, microscopic damage, and stress field characteristics. The result indicates that the impact energy structure of the SHPB is greatly affected by the pre-set joint angle of the specimen. With the joint angle increasing, the proportion of reflected energy moves in fluctuation, while the ratio of transmitted energy to dissipated energy varies from one to the other. NMR analysis reveals the structural variation of the pores in those cement specimens before and after the impact. Crack propagation direction is correlated with pre-set joint angles of the specimens. With the increase of the pre-set joint angles, the crack initiation angle decreases gradually. When the joint angles are around 30\u00b0\u201375\u00b0, the specimens develop obvious cracks. The crushing process of the specimens is simulated by LS-DYNA software. It is concluded that the stresses at the crack initiation time are concentrated between 20 and 40 MPa. The instantaneous stress curve first increases and then decreases with crack propagation, peaking at different times under various joint angles; but most of them occur when the crack penetration ratio reaches 80\u201390%. With the increment of joint angles in specimens through the simulation software, the changing trend of peak stress is consistent with the test results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14102690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T11:45:57Z","timestamp":1621511157000},"page":"2690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Experimental and Numerical Study of Fracture Behavior of Rock-Like Material Specimens with Single Pre-Set Joint under Dynamic Loading"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8409-8620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lianjun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"},{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuesong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-9062(97)00303-3","article-title":"Crack coalescence in a rock-like material containing two cracks","volume":"38","author":"Wong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. 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