{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:50:30Z","timestamp":1792792230538,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51708514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51708514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities of Henan Provincial Department of Education","award":["21A560015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21A560015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In high\u2013strength concrete, the reinforcement concentration will cause some problems in the beam\u2013column joints (BCJs) due to a large amount of transverse reinforcement. Hence, the main object of this paper is to prevent the reinforcement concentration and reduce the amount of transverse reinforcement in the BCJs through the ideal usage of steel fibers and reinforced high\u2013strength concrete. Pseudo\u2013static tests on seven specimens were carried out to investigate and evaluate the seismic performance of beam\u2013column joints in steel fiber reinforced high\u2013strength concrete (SFRHC). Test variables were steel fiber volume ratio, concrete strength, the stirrup ratio in the core area, and an axial compression ratio of the column end. During the test, the hysteresis curves and failure mode were recorded. The seismic indicators, such as energy dissipation, ductility, strength, and stiffness degradation, were determined. The experimental results indicated that the failure modes of SFRHC beam\u2013column joints mainly included the core area failure and the beam end bending failure. With the increase in stirrup ratio, volume ratio of steel fiber, and axial compression ratio in the core area, both the ductility and energy consumption of beam\u2013column joints increased, while the opposite was true for concrete strength.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14123235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T12:44:37Z","timestamp":1623415477000},"page":"3235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Seismic Performance of Steel Fiber Reinforced High\u2013Strength Concrete Beam\u2013Column Joints"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9513-2679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huadian Zhengzhou Mechanical Design Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"College of Water Conservancy Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junpeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5695-7595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials, China Building Materials Academy, Beijing 100024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2010). GB 50011-2010, Code for Seismic Design of Buildings, China Architecture & Building Press."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"American Society of Civil Engineers (2017). Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2016). NZS 3101:2006, Design of Concrete Structures, Concrete Structures Standards."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1080\/19648189.2011.9714854","article-title":"Flexural behaviour of external R\/C steel fibre reinforced beam\u2013column joints","volume":"15","author":"Amato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabir, M.R., Alam, M.S., Said, A.M., and Ayad, A. (2016). Performance of hybrid reinforced concrete beam column joint: A critical review. Fibers, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/fib4020013"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2013.10.046","article-title":"Seismic response of steel fiber reinforced concrete beam\u2013column joints","volume":"59","author":"Abbas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3119001","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000950","article-title":"Seismic retrofit schemes with FRP for deficient RC beam\u2013column joints: State\u2013of\u2013the\u2013art review","volume":"23","author":"Pohoryles","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Compos. Constr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attari, N., Youcef, Y.S., and Amziane, S. (2019). Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beam\u2013Column Joint Strengthening by FRP Sheets, Structures, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2019.04.007"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete beam\u2013column joints: State of the art","volume":"102","author":"Engindeniz","year":"2005","journal-title":"ACI Struct. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.14359\/51706922","article-title":"Retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete Beam\u2013Column Joints by Composites\u2013Part I: Experimental Study","volume":"116","author":"Kaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACI Struct. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1002\/eqe.783","article-title":"Local retrofit of exterior RC beam\u2013column joints using thin RC jackets\u2014An experimental study","volume":"37","author":"Karayannis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Earthq. Eng. Struct. D"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-0296(02)00026-3","article-title":"Shear strengthening of beam\u2013column joints","volume":"24","author":"Ghobarah","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s40996-018-0152-x","article-title":"Effect of Steel Fiber on Structural Characteristics of High\u2013Strength Concrete","volume":"43","author":"Sumathi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.12989\/cac.2013.11.2.149","article-title":"Stress-strain behavior and toughness of high\u2013performance steel fiber reinforced concrete in compression","volume":"11","author":"Ramadoss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Concr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, W., Jung, K., Jang, S., and Yun, H. (2019). The influence of steel fiber tensile strengths and aspect ratios on the fracture properties of high-strength concrete. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12132105"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.372.215","article-title":"Compressive Properties of High Strength Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Different Fiber Volume Fractions","volume":"372","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Mech. Mater."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/suco.201800079","article-title":"Influence of steel, glass and polymer fibers on the cracking behavior of reinforced concrete beams under flexure","volume":"20","author":"Conforti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Struct. Concr."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"032059","article-title":"Effect of curing period on properties of steel and polypropylene fibre reinforced ultra\u2013high performance concrete","volume":"245","author":"Smarzewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-017-0939-5","article-title":"Self\u2013healing capacity of fiber reinforced cementitious composites. State of the art and perspectives","volume":"21","author":"Cuenca","year":"2017","journal-title":"KSCE J. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, R., and Gao, X. (2016). Relationship between flowability, entrapped air content and strength of UHPC mixtures containing different dosage of steel fiber. Appl. Sci., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/app6080216"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.068","article-title":"Experimental characterization of the post\u2013cracking response in hybrid steel\/polypropylene fiber\u2013reinforced concrete","volume":"125","author":"Caggiano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.160","article-title":"On the mechanical response of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete with recycled and industrial steel fibers","volume":"147","author":"Caggiano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2017.04.010","article-title":"Influence of concrete strength and steel fiber geometry on the fiber\/matrix interface","volume":"122","author":"Simoes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shon, C.-S., Mukashev, T., Lee, D., Zhang, D., and Kim, J.R. (2019). Can common reed fiber become an effective construction material? Physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of mortar mixture containing common reed fiber. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11030903"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.12988\/ces.2014.4218","article-title":"Effects of fiber volume fraction on the compressive and flexural experimental behavior of SFRC","volume":"7","author":"Rizzuti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contemp. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.3390\/ma8041442","article-title":"Compressive behavior of fiber\u2013reinforced concrete with end\u2013hooked steel fibers","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perceka, W., Liao, W.-C., and Wang, Y.-D. (2016). High strength concrete columns under axial compression load: Hybrid confinement efficiency of high strength transverse reinforcement and steel fibers. Materials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9040264"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, W., and Yin, J. (2016). Hybrid effect evaluation of steel fiber and carbon fiber on the performance of the fiber reinforced concrete. Materials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9080704"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2017.12.010","article-title":"Effects of stirrup, steel fiber, and beam size on shear behavior of high\u2013strength concrete beams","volume":"87","author":"Yoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halimi, M., Kioumarsi, M., Bakhshi, H., and Sarkardeh, H. (2019, January 2\u20134). Numerical investigation on effects of steel fibers content on flexural behavior of UHPCC. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation (SEMC 2019), Cape Town, South Africa.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429426506-242"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Kazemi, H., Kioumarsi, M., Zarghani, M., and Sarkardeh, H. (2018, January 24\u201326). Numerical simulation of reinforced concrete cut\u2013off wall with steel fibers under dam. Proceedings of the SynerCrete\u201918: Interdisciplinary Approaches for Cement\u2013based Materials and Structural Concrete, Madeira, Portugal."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2016.10.002","article-title":"Analytical and experimental investigations on the fracture behavior of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete","volume":"74","author":"Almusallam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2017.01.052","article-title":"Influence of concrete strength combined with fiber content in the residual flexural strengths of fiber reinforced concrete","volume":"168","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2015.10.001","article-title":"Flexural response of steel\u2013fiber\u2013reinforced concrete beams: Effects of strength, fiber content, and strain\u2013rate","volume":"64","author":"Yoo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"159","article-title":"Experimental study on the seismic behavior of high\u2013performance fiber\u2013reinforced cement composite coupling beams","volume":"102","author":"Canbolat","year":"2005","journal-title":"ACI Struct. J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, K., Qi, T., Liu, H., and Wang, H. (2018). Shear behavior of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete deep beams. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11102023"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres, J.A., and Lantsoght, E.O.L. (2019). Influence of fiber content on shear capacity of steel fiber\u2013reinforced concrete beams. Fibers, 7.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201908.0301.v1"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smarzewski, P. (2018). Hybrid fibers as shear reinforcement in high\u2013performance concrete beams with and without openings. Appl. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/app8112070"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smarzewski, P. (2019). Analysis of failure mechanics in hybrid fiber\u2013reinforced high\u2013performance concrete deep beams with and without openings. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12010101"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Liang, J., Chu, L., and Shen, F. (2018). Experimental study on shear behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams with high\u2013strength reinforcement. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11091682"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.12989\/cac.2012.9.3.227","article-title":"Generalization of shear truss model to the case of SFRC beams with stirrups","volume":"9","author":"Colajanni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Concr."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4847","DOI":"10.3390\/ma6104847","article-title":"Shear behavior models of steel fiberreinforced concrete beams modifying softened truss model approaches","volume":"6","author":"Hwang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0899-1561(1999)11:4(331)","article-title":"Flexural behavior of SFRC: Testing and modeling","volume":"11","author":"Barros","year":"1999","journal-title":"ASCE J. Mater. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2008.04.019","article-title":"Fibrous reinforced concrete beams in flexure: Experimental investigation, analytical modelling and design considerations","volume":"30","author":"Campione","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chalioris, C.E., Kosmidou, P.M., and Karayannis, C.G. (2019). Cyclic Response of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slender Beams: An Experimental Study. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12091398"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kytinou, V.K., Chalioris, C.E., Karayannis, C.G., and Elenas, A. (2020). Effect of Steel Fibers on the Hysteretic Performance of Concrete Beams with Steel Reinforcement\u2014Tests and Analysis. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13132923"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.102464","article-title":"The performance of fiber GGBS based alkali-activated concrete","volume":"42","author":"Hammad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehner, P., Konen, P., and Ponikiewski, T. (2020). Comparison of Material Properties of SCC Concrete with Steel Fibres Related to Ingress of Chlorides. Crystals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst10030220"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2011.02.014","article-title":"Influence of fibers on flexural behavior and ductility of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP rebars","volume":"33","author":"Issa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2020.112609","article-title":"Prediction model for the flexural strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams with fiber-reinforced polymer bars under repeated loading","volume":"250","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"371","article-title":"Steel fibrous\u2013ductile concrete joint for seismic\u2013resistant structures","volume":"53","author":"Henager","year":"1977","journal-title":"Spec. Publ."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"543","article-title":"Seismic behavior of steel\u2013fiber reinforced concrete interior beam\u2013column joints","volume":"92","author":"Filiatrault","year":"1995","journal-title":"Struct. J."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Gebman, M. (2001). Application of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Seismic Beam\u2013Column Joints. [Master\u2019s Thesis, San Diego State University]."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bentur, A., and Mindess, S. (2007). Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites: Modern Concrete Technology Series, Taylor & Francis. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482267747"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.12989\/sem.2000.9.4.323","article-title":"Nonlinear analysis and tests of steel\u2013fiber concrete beams in torsion","volume":"9","author":"Karayannis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Struct. Eng. Mech."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3151\/jact.1.241","article-title":"Engineered steel fibers with optimal properties for reinforcement of cement composites","volume":"1","author":"Naaman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Adv. Concr. Technol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"11","article-title":"Flexural analysis of steel fiber\u2013reinforced concrete members","volume":"22","author":"Chalioris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Concr."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2020.111031","article-title":"Influence of steel fibers on the static and blast response of beams built with high\u2013strength concrete and high\u2013strength reinforcement","volume":"221","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.007","article-title":"Lateral load response of high performance fiber reinforced concrete beam\u2013column joints","volume":"19","author":"Shannag","year":"2005","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"445","article-title":"Steel fibre reinforced high performance concrete beam\u2013column joints subjected to cyclic loading","volume":"44","author":"Ganesan","year":"2007","journal-title":"ISET J. Earthq. Technol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/eqe.2205","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of rectangular reinforced concrete column behaviour under biaxial cyclic loading","volume":"42","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2013","journal-title":"Earthq. Eng. Struct. D"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:2(341)","article-title":"Seismic behavior and shear strength of framed joint using steel\u2013fiber reinforced concrete","volume":"118","author":"Jiuru","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Struct. Eng."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"846","article-title":"Analytical Model for Predicting Shear Strengths of Interior Reinforced Concrete Beam\u2013Column Joints for Seismic Resistance","volume":"96","author":"Hwang","year":"2000","journal-title":"ACI Struct. J."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Guo, Z., and Shi, X. (2003). Principle and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete, Tsinghua University Publication."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Chopra, A.K. (2017). Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Zhao, G. (2005). Advanced Theory for Reinforced Concrete Structures, Machine Industry Press."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/14\/12\/3235\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:13:30Z","timestamp":1760163210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/14\/12\/3235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ma14123235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma14123235","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]}}}