{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:36:35Z","timestamp":1774312595818,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The in vitro antifibrotic activity of Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers (giloy) was assessed to explore its potential for the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Epithelial cells dissociated from the tissue obtained from histopathologically normal oral mucosa during surgical extraction of third molars were cultured and fibrosis was induced by TGF-\u03b21 in the oral keratinocytes. Cell viability was assessed by MTT and comparative gene expression analysis was carried out in the fibrosis-induced oral keratinocytes treated with various concentrations of Tinospora cordifolia extract (TcE) for matricellular protein-related gene expression. Concentrations of 0.5 \u00b5g\/mL and 1 \u00b5g\/mL TcE demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of CTGF, SERPINE1, COL1A1, FN1, MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, and TIMP2 and an increase in the expression of PLAU, COL3A1, TIMP1, and TIMP3. Although TcE was found to reduce the expression of several fibrotic genes and increase the expression of antifibrotic genes, a varied effect was found, causing increased expression of COL3A1 and decreased expression of TIMP2 on TGF-\u03b21-induced human buccal epithelial cells. However, further studies are warranted to assess the exact mechanism of antifibrotic activity and its clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14123374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T04:10:47Z","timestamp":1623989447000},"page":"3374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Potential Application of an Aqueous Extract of Tinospora Cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers (Giloy) in Oral Submucous Fibrosis\u2014An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7246-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shankargouda","family":"Patil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2012.01168.x","article-title":"Aloe vera in the treatment for oral submucous fibrosis\u2014A preliminary study","volume":"41","author":"Sudarshan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. 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