{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T18:47:07Z","timestamp":1771526827577,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Science and Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education, China","award":["No. 2018KJ128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2018KJ128"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of rare earth element Sm on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and shape memory effect of the high temperature shape memory alloy, Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni-xSm (x = 0, 0.2 and 0.5) (wt.%), are studied in this work. The results show that the Sm addition reduces the grain size of the Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni alloy from millimeters to hundreds of microns. The microstructure of the Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni-xSm alloys are composed of 18R and a face-centered cubic Sm-rich phase at room temperature. In addition, because the addition of the Sm element enhances the fine-grain strengthening effect, the mechanical properties and the shape memory effect of the Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni alloy were greatly improved. When x = 0.5, the compressive fracture stress and the compressive fracture strain increased from 580 MPa, 10.5% to 1021 MPa, 14.8%, respectively. When the pre-strain is 10%, a reversible strain of 6.3% can be obtained for the Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni-0.2Sm alloy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14144007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T21:16:48Z","timestamp":1626643008000},"page":"4007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of Sm Doping on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Shape Memory Effect of Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni Alloy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qimeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhizhong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingsuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-5093(99)00291-9","article-title":"Martensitic transformations in nonferrous shape memory alloys","volume":"273\u2013275","author":"Otsuka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mater. 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