{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:03:44Z","timestamp":1781154224159,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of heat treatment on tensile and low cycle fatigue properties of the oxygen-free copper for electric power equipment was investigated. The heat treatment at 850 \u00b0C for 20 min, which corresponds to the vacuum brazing process, caused the grain growth and relaxation of strain by recrystallization, and thus, the residual stress in the oxygen-free copper was reduced. The tensile strength and 0.2% proof stress were decreased, and elongation was increased by the heat treatment accompanying recrystallization. The plastic strain in the heat-treated specimen was increased compared with that in the untreated specimen under the same stress amplitude condition, and thus, the low cycle fatigue life of the oxygen-free copper was degraded by the heat treatment. Striation was observed in the crack initiation area of the fractured surface in the case of the stress amplitude less than 100 MPa regardless of the presence of the heat treatment. With an increase in the stress amplitude, the river pattern and the quasicleavage fracture were mainly observed in the fracture surfaces of the untreated specimens, and they were observed with striations in the fracture surfaces of the heat-treated ones. The result of the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed that the grain reference orientation deviation (GROD) map was confirmed to be effective to investigate the fatigue damage degree in the grain by low cycle fatigue. In addition, the EBSD analysis revealed that the grains were deformed, and the GROD value reached approximately 28\u00b0 in the fractured areas of heat-treated specimens after the low cycle fatigue test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14154237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T10:47:46Z","timestamp":1627555666000},"page":"4237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Low Cycle Fatigue Characteristics of Oxygen-Free Copper for Electric Power Equipment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Takuma","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 3768515, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Togo","family":"Sugioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 3768515, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4560-1443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 3768515, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuo","family":"Shohji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 3768515, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytic Simulation & Material Evaluation Center, Meidensha, Corp., Shinagawa 1418565, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytic Simulation & Material Evaluation Center, Meidensha, Corp., Shinagawa 1418565, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Kamakoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gunma Prefectural Industrial Technology Center, Maebashi 3792147, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Brooks, C.R., and Choudhury, A. 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