{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:48:13Z","timestamp":1787507293193,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]],"date-time":"2021-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","award":["Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number TURSP-2020\/267, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number TURSP-2020\/267, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arthrospira platensis is one of the most important cultured microalgal species in the world. Arthrospira complete dry biomass (ACDB) has been reported as an interesting feedstock for many industries, including biodiesel production. The A. platensis by-product of biodiesel production (lipid-free biomass; LFB) is a source of proteins, functional molecules, and carbohydrates, and can also be reused in several applications. The current study investigated the efficiency of ACDB and LFB in bioremediation of dye (Ismate violet 2R, IV2R) from textile effluents. In addition, the potential of ACDB and LFB loaded by IV2R as a feed for Rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, was examined. The surface of the adsorbents was characterized by SEM, FTIR, and Raman analysis to understand the adsorption mechanism. The batch sorption method was examined as a function of adsorbent dose (0.02\u20130.01 g L\u22121), solution initial concentration (10\u2013100 mg L\u22121), pH (2\u201310), and contact time (15\u2013180 min). The kinetic studies and adsorption isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin, and Halsey) were used to describe the interaction between dye and adsorbents. The results concluded that the adsorption process increased with increasing ACDB and LFB dose, contact time (120 min), initial IV2R concentration (10 mg L\u22121), and acidity pH (2 and 6, respectively). For the elimination of industrial textile wastewater, the ACDB and LFB sorbents have good elimination ability of a dye solution by 75.7% and 61.11%, respectively. The kinetic interaction between dye and adsorbents fitted well to Langmuir, Freundlish, and Halsey models for LFB, and Langmuir for ACDB at optimum conditions with R2 &gt; 0.9. In addition, based on the bioassay study, the ACDB and LFB loaded by IV2R up to 0.02 g L\u22121 may be used as feed for the marine Rotifer B. plicatilis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14164446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]],"date-time":"2021-08-08T21:49:41Z","timestamp":1628459381000},"page":"4446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Potential Applications of Arthrospira platensis Lipid-Free Biomass in Bioremediation of Organic Dye from Industrial Textile Effluents and Its Influence on Marine Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ahmed E.","family":"Alprol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M. M.","family":"Heneash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1595-1197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ashour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khamael M.","family":"Abualnaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalal","family":"Alhashmialameer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5963-5276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdallah Tageldein","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2876-3176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaki Z.","family":"Sharawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9168-3593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mouhamed A.","family":"Abu-Saied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CITY), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2784-3297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abd El-Fatah","family":"Abomohra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Energy and Environmental Laboratory (NEEL), School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"},{"name":"Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-021-06977-9","article-title":"Assessment of water pollution induced by anthropogenic activities on zooplankton community in Mariout Lake using statistical simulation","volume":"14","author":"Heneash","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arab. 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