{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:37:07Z","timestamp":1790775427191,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2019XKQYMS45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019XKQYMS45"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recovery and reuse of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) has attracted more and more attention from global researchers, as recycling of waste PCB metals is of great significance to the rational utilization of metal material resources. This study puts forward a clean and economical method in which enhanced gravity separation and wet high-gradient magnetic separation were combined to recover waste PCBs with heat treatment at a temperature of 240 \u00b0C. The heat treatment could improve the metal liberation effect of the PCBs, and the thermal behavior was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The pyrolysis of the non-metal fraction (NMF) began around 300 \u00b0C, and the glass transition temperature of epoxy resin was 135.17 \u00b0C. The enhanced gravity separation technique was used for the separation of metals and NMF under the compound force field. The metals grade of the gravity concentrates fraction (GRF) was 82.97% under the optimal conditions, and the metals recovery reached 90.55%. A wet high-gradient magnetic separator was applied to classify the GRF into magnetic (MA) and non-magnetic (NMA) fractions, which could achieve iron and copper enrichment. After the three stages combined process, the copper and iron grades of the NMA and MA fractions were 70.17% and 73.42%, and the recovery reached 74.02% and 78.11%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14164566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]],"date-time":"2021-08-15T21:43:55Z","timestamp":1629063835000},"page":"4566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Recovery of Metals from Heat-Treated Printed Circuit Boards via an Enhanced Gravity Concentrator and High-Gradient Magnetic Separator"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yushuai","family":"Xian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"},{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youjun","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"},{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"},{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"},{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2020.104792","article-title":"Sustainable recovery of Cu, Fe and Zn from end-of-life printed circuit boards","volume":"158","author":"Amato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resour. 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