{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T19:57:45Z","timestamp":1771271865104,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna Russia","award":["03-4-1128-2017\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03-4-1128-2017\/2022"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006730","name":"Ministry of Education and Research, Romania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Program NUCLEU, Contract PN 0935-0302\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Program NUCLEU, Contract PN 0935-0302\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The relative performance of different porous solids in different applications is highly dependent on the internal pore structure of each material. Highly porous carbon materials can be prepared by evaporative drying and the pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde gels. By determining the correct synthesis parameters, the pore system of such materials can be reshaped. Depending on some important processing factors such as the dilution ratio or the initial pH of the precursor solution, various porous or non-porous carbon materials can be synthesized. This paper addresses carbon xerogels (CX) designed as a material electrode in capacitive deionization (CDI) systems for water desalination. In this work CX materials were synthesized via poly-condensation reactions of resorcinol with formaldehyde (RF) on a carbon felt sheet followed by pyrolysis. The resulting sheets were used as electrodes to develop a CDI experimental multi-cell laboratory system. The initial pH of the RF solution and the dilution ratio effect on the resulting carbon surface area and structure were analyzed. Surface area measurements using the BET method and an electrochemical capacitance evaluation of the obtained xerogels through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were also performed. Finally, using our experimental CDI multi-cell laboratory system based on the obtained CX, we discuss the experimental data for the desalination rate as a function of the voltage and salt concentration. As a result, the developed model\u2019s efficiency is demonstrated. The main goal of this work was to develop an efficient electrode-based novel carbon that could be commercially competitive, as well as to create guidelines for future desalination research using CX electrode materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14174932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T22:49:51Z","timestamp":1630363791000},"page":"4932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nanocarbon Type Xerogel Materials Designed for Water Desalination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Hristea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment, Energy & Climate Change Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, Splaiul Unirii 313, 030138 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Iordoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment, Energy & Climate Change Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, Splaiul Unirii 313, 030138 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreea","family":"Culcea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment, Energy & Climate Change Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, Splaiul Unirii 313, 030138 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EW00835G","article-title":"Selective ion separation by capacitive deionization (CDI) based technologies: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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