{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T17:29:40Z","timestamp":1784568580860,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the furniture design trends include ensuring ergonomic standards, development of new environmentally friendly materials, optimised use of natural resources, and sustainably increased conversion of waste into value-added products. The circular economy principles require the reuse, recycling or upcycling of materials. The potential of reusing waste corrugated cardboard to produce new lightweight boards suitable for furniture and interior applications was investigated in this work. Two types of multi-layered panels were manufactured in the laboratory from corrugated cardboard and beech veneer, bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. Seven types of end corner joints of the created lightweight furniture panels and three conventional honeycomb panels were tested. Bending moments and stiffness coefficients in the compression test were evaluated. The bending strength values of the joints made of waste cardboard and beech veneer exhibited the required strength for application in furniture constructions or as interior elements. The joints made of multi-layer panels with a thickness of 51 mm, joined by dowels, demonstrated the highest bending strength and stiffness values (33.22 N\u2219m). The joints made of 21 mm thick multi-layer panels and connected with Confirmat had satisfactory bending strength values (10.53 N\u2219m) and Minifix had the lowest strength values (6.15 N\u2219m). The highest stiffness values (327 N\u2219m\/rad) were determined for the 50 mm thick cardboard honeycomb panels connected by plastic corner connector and special screw Varianta, and the lowest values for the joints made of 21 mm thick multi-layer panels connected by Confirmat (40 N\u2219m\/rad) and Minifix (43 N\u2219m\/rad), respectively. The application of waste corrugated cardboard as a structural material for furniture and interiors can be improved by further investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14175064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T13:15:56Z","timestamp":1630934156000},"page":"5064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Structural Application of Lightweight Panels Made of Waste Cardboard and Beech Veneer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9851-1145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassil","family":"Jivkov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interior and Furniture Design, Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Department of Interior and Architectural Design, Faculty of Architecture, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, 1046 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralitsa","family":"Simeonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interior and Furniture Design, Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3837-5380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petar","family":"Antov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assia","family":"Marinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interior and Furniture Design, Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boryana","family":"Petrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interior and Furniture Design, Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubos","family":"Kristak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korol, J., Hejna, A., Wypi\u00f3r, K., Mijalski, K., and Chmielnicka, E. (2021). Wastes from Agricultural Silage Film Recycling Line as a Potential Polymer Materials. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13091383"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arias, A., Feijoo, G., and Moreira, M.T. (2021). Evaluation of Starch as an Environmental-Friendly Bioresource for the Development of Wood Bioadhesives. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26154526"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"48","article-title":"Influence of press factor and additional thermal treatment on technology for production of eco-friendly MDF based on lignosulfonate adhesives","volume":"52","author":"Savov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bulg. Chem. 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