{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:44:55Z","timestamp":1777466695753,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/29\/B\/ST8\/01293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/29\/B\/ST8\/01293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a possibility of quasi-periodic and chaotic vibrations in the human middle ear stimulated by an implant, which is fixed to the incus by means of a nonlinear coupler. The coupler represents a classical element made of titanium and shape memory alloy. A five-degrees-of-freedom model of lumped masses is used to represent the implanted middle ear for both normal and pathological ears. The model is engaged to numerically find the influence of the nonlinear coupler on stapes and implant dynamics. As a result, regions of parameters regarding the quasi-periodic, polyharmonic and irregular motion are identified as new contributions in ear bio-mechanics. The nonlinear coupler causes irregular motion, which is undesired for the middle ear. However, the use of the stiff coupler also ensures regular vibrations of the stapes for higher frequencies. As a consequence, the utility of the nonlinear coupler is proven.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14185121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T10:24:25Z","timestamp":1631010265000},"page":"5121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Polyharmonic Vibrations of Human Middle Ear Implanted by Means of Nonlinear Coupler"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2808-2007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafal","family":"Rusinek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Rekas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Wojtowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4857-3185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Zablotni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/1084713809346262","article-title":"Middle Ear Implantable Hearing Devices: An Overview","volume":"13","author":"Haynes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Amplif."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2018.11.007","article-title":"The Vibrant Soundbridge","volume":"52","author":"Maw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. 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