{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:45:32Z","timestamp":1790617532668,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81772423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, to investigate the independent effect of the construction of the forefoot carbon-fiber plate inserted to the midsole on running biomechanics and finite element simulation, fifteen male marathon runners were arranged to run across a runway with embedded force plates at two specific running speeds (fast-speed: 4.81 \u00b1 0.32 m\/s, slow-speed: 3.97 \u00b1 0.19 m\/s) with two different experimental shoes (a segmented forefoot plate construction (SFC), and a full forefoot plate construction (FFC)), simulating the different pressure distributions, energy return, and stiffness during bending in the forefoot region between the SFC and FFC inserted to midsole. Kinetics and joint mechanics were analyzed. The results showed that the footwear with SFC significantly increased the peak metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) plantarflexion velocity and positive work at the knee joint compared to the footwear with FFC. The results about finite element simulation showed a reduced maximum pressure on the midsole; meanwhile, not significantly affected was the longitudinal bending stiffness and energy return with the SFC compared to the FFC. The results can be used for the design of marathon running shoes, because changing the full carbon fiber plate to segment carbon fiber plate induced some biomechanical transformation but did not significantly affect the running performance, what is more, reducing the peak pressure of the carbon plate to the midsole by cutting the forefoot area of the carbon fiber plate could be beneficial from a long-distance running perspective for manufacturers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14185156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T10:12:03Z","timestamp":1631095923000},"page":"5156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effect of the Construction of Carbon Fiber Plate Insert to Midsole on Running Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Fengqin","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China"},{"name":"Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, \u00d3buda University, 1011-1239 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Xtep Sports Science & Engineering Laboratory, Xtep Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ievgen","family":"Levadnyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xtep Sports Science & Engineering Laboratory, Xtep Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xtep Sports Science & Engineering Laboratory, Xtep Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6138-8382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guszt\u00e1v","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Savaria Institute of Technology, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xtep Sports Science & Engineering Laboratory, Xtep Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2187-9440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaodong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.05.005","article-title":"The gearing function of running shoe longitudinal bending stiffness","volume":"40","author":"Willwacher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Toon, D. (2008). Design and Analysis of Sprint Footwear to Investigate the Effects of Longitudinal Bending Stiffness on Sprinting Performance. 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