{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:27:40Z","timestamp":1760236060113,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Edital 05\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Edital 05\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Financial Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Financial Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIBIC\/PIBITI Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIBIC\/PIBITI Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Vice-Reitoria para Assuntos Acad\u00eamicos da PUC-Rio","award":["Programa de Incentivo \u00e0 Produtividade"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Programa de Incentivo \u00e0 Produtividade"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The production of electronic waste due to technological development, economic growth and increasing population has been rising fast, pushing for solutions before the environmental pressure achieves unprecedented levels. Recently, it was observed that many extractive metallurgy alternatives had been considered to recover value from this type of waste. Regarding pyrometallurgy, little is known about the low-temperature processing applied before fragmentation and subsequent component separation. Therefore, the present manuscript studies such alternative based on scanning electron microscopy characterization. The sample used in the study was supplied by a local recycling center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The mass loss was constant at around 30% for temperatures higher than 300 \u00b0C. Based on this fact, the waste material was then submitted to low-temperature processing at 350 \u00b0C followed by attrition disassembling, size classification, and magnetic concentration steps. In the end, this first report of the project shows that 15% of the sample was recovered with metallic components with high economic value, such as Cu, Ni, and Au, indicating that such methods could be an interesting alternative to be explored in the future for the development of alternative electronic waste extraction routes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14206228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T03:01:13Z","timestamp":1634698873000},"page":"6228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Electronic Waste Low-Temperature Processing: An Alternative Thermochemical Pretreatment to Improve Component Separation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Juliana S. S.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald R.","family":"Hacha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5129-2072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe S.","family":"d\u2019Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline A.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6102-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4916-2169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo A.","family":"Brocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3468-686X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo F. M.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.393","article-title":"Enhancing waste management strategies in Latin America under a holistic environmental assessment perspective: A review for policy support","volume":"689","author":"Margallo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137088","article-title":"Strategy development in the framework of waste management","volume":"716","author":"Zorpas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134652","article-title":"Implementing circular economy in municipal solid waste treatment system using P-graph","volume":"701","author":"Walmsley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.05.052","article-title":"Global demand for rare earth resources and strategies for green mining","volume":"150","author":"Dutta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.10.002","article-title":"From electronic consumer products to e-wastes: Global outlook, waste quantities, recycling challenges","volume":"98","author":"Tansel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.02.032","article-title":"An overview of China\u2019s recyclable waste recycling and recommendations for integrated solutions","volume":"134","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breukelman, H., Krikke, H., and L\u00f6hr, A. (2019). Failing services on urban waste management in developing countries: A review on symptoms, diagnoses, and interventions. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11246977"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2005.04.001","article-title":"Global perspectives on e-waste","volume":"25","author":"Widmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Impact Assess. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2016.08.004","article-title":"Recovery of metals and nonmetals from electronic waste by physical and chemical recycling processes","volume":"57","author":"Kaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsc.2018.06.006","article-title":"The present and future of e-waste plastics recycling","volume":"13","author":"Sahajwalla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Green Sustain. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/19397030802576825","article-title":"Ecological and economical assessment of end-of-life waste recycling in the electrical and electronic recovery sector","volume":"1","author":"Rahimifard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Sustain. Eng."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parajuly, K., and Fitzpatrick, C. (2020). Understanding the impacts of transboundary waste shipment policies: The case of plastic and electronic waste. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12062412"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1039\/C8GC03688H","article-title":"Advancements in the treatment and processing of electronic waste with sustainability: A review of metal extraction and recovery technologies","volume":"21","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.04.004","article-title":"A review of current progress of recycling technologies for metals from waste electrical and electronic equipment","volume":"127","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2017.07.031","article-title":"Electronic waste as a secondary source of critical metals: Management and recovery technologies","volume":"135","author":"Isildar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.10.021","article-title":"Has the question of e-waste opened a Pandora\u2019s box? An overview of unpredictable issues and challenges","volume":"110","author":"Bakhiyi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Letcher, T.M., and Vallero, D.A. (2019). Waste electrical and electronic equipment. Waste\u2014A Handbook for Management, Elsevier. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.05.112","article-title":"Dismantling and electrochemical copper recovery from Waste Printed Circuit Boards in H2SO4\u2013CuSO4\u2013NaCl solutions","volume":"230","author":"Cocchiara","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4835","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b04909","article-title":"Urban mining of e-waste is becoming more cost-effective than virgin mining","volume":"52","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Almeida, F.S., de Carvalho, R.B., dos Santos, F.S., and de Souza, R.F.M. (2021). On the hibernating electronic waste in Rio de Janeiro higher education community: An assessment of population behavior analysis and economic potential. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13169181"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Bernardes, A., Bohlinger, I., Rodriguez, D., Milbrandt, H., and Wuth, W. (1997, January 9\u201313). Recycling of printed circuit boards by melting with oxidising\/reducing top blowing process. Proceedings of the Extraction and Processing Division Symposium, TMS Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.02.037","article-title":"Novel application of the nonmetallic fraction of the recycled printed circuit boards as a toxic heavy metal adsorbent","volume":"252\u2013253","author":"Hadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2017.08.001","article-title":"Recovery of waste printed circuit boards through pyrometallurgical processing: A review","volume":"126","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.13044\/j.sdewes.d7.0312","article-title":"Determining metal content in waste printed circuit boards and their electronic components","volume":"8","author":"Premur","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Dev. Energy Water Environ. Syst."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2007.911522","article-title":"Electromagnetically actuated FR4 scanners","volume":"20","author":"Urey","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4300","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA07607G","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities in the recovery of gold from electronic waste","volume":"10","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2010.06.002","article-title":"Characterization of products recycling from PCB waste pyrolysis","volume":"89","author":"Quan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2020.104787","article-title":"Metal recovery from waste printed circuit boards: A review for current status and perspectives","volume":"157","author":"Hao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121390","article-title":"Bromine removal from resin particles of crushed waste printed circuit boards by vacuum low-temperature heating","volume":"262","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-020-01128-9","article-title":"Closed-loop recycling of copper from waste printed circuit boards using bioleaching and electrowinning processes","volume":"12","author":"Baniasadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Waste Biomass Valoriz."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charitopoulou, M.A., Kalogiannis, K.G., Lappas, A.A., and Achilias, D.S. (2020). Novel trends in the thermo-chemical recycling of plastics from WEEE containing brominated flame retardants. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 1\u201324.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09932-5"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-018-1044-9","article-title":"Sustainability of metal recovery from E-waste","volume":"12","author":"Debnath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1021\/es0618245","article-title":"Recycle technology for recovering resources and products from waste printed circuit boards","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6989","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-8313-6","article-title":"Comparative assessment of metallurgical recovery of metals from electronic waste with special emphasis on bioleaching","volume":"24","author":"Priya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2018.01.032","article-title":"Novel technologies and conventional processes for recovery of metals from waste electrical and electronic equipment: Challenges & opportunities\u2014A review","volume":"6","author":"Chauhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2017.11.003","article-title":"Maternal urinary cadmium levels during pregnancy associated with risk of sex-dependent birth outcomes from an e-waste pollution site in China","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2020.1788913","article-title":"Systematic review of pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes associated with exposure to e-waste disposal","volume":"51","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.12.068","article-title":"Pollutant formation in the pyrolysis and combustion of materials combining biomass and e-waste","volume":"622\u2013623","author":"Soler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4650","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b00780","article-title":"Characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers released from thermal treatment and open burning of E-Waste","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s10163-016-0550-8","article-title":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in multi-matrices from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site in Northern China","volume":"20","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.11.083","article-title":"PCBs and PCDD\/Fs in soil from informal e-waste recycling sites and open dumpsites in India: Levels, congener profiles and health risk assessment","volume":"621","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.07.276","article-title":"Brominated and organophosphate flame retardants along a sediment transect encompassing the Guiyu, China e-waste recycling zone","volume":"646","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2004.03.025","article-title":"Waste electrical and electronic equipment plastics with brominated flame retardants\u2014from legislation to separate treatment\u2014Thermal processes","volume":"88","author":"Tange","year":"2005","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16533","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2136-6","article-title":"Status of electronic waste recycling techniques: A review","volume":"25","author":"Abdelbasir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Veit, H.M. (2005). Reciclagem de Cobre de Sucatas de Placas de Circuito Impresso. [Doctoral Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul]."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.30638\/eemj.2015.175","article-title":"Pyrolysis of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) for recovering metals and energy: Previous achievements and current approaches","volume":"14","author":"Hense","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4594","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.7b03282","article-title":"Materials and energy recovery from E-Waste Plastics","volume":"6","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36052","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09630-2","article-title":"Emerging technologies for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from the end-of-life electronic wastes: A review on progress, challenges, and perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Ambaye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.180","article-title":"Experimental study on the heat transfer characteristics of waste printed circuit boards pyrolysis","volume":"633","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2013.10.014","article-title":"Study on low-temperature pyrolysis of large-size printed circuit boards","volume":"105","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.10.041","article-title":"Recovery of precious metals from electronic waste and spent catalysts: A review","volume":"141","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.03.004","article-title":"Recycling of non-metallic fractions from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A review","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.12.151","article-title":"Incineration and pyrolysis vs. steam gasification of electronic waste","volume":"624","author":"Gurgul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.10.094","article-title":"Recovery of nanomaterials from battery and electronic wastes: A new paradigm of environmental waste management","volume":"82","author":"Dutta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xavier, L.H., Giese, E.C., Duthie, A.C.R., and Lins, F.A.F. (2019). Sustainability and the circular economy: A theoretical approach focused on e-waste urban mining. Resour. Policy, 101467.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2019.101467"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"e00164","article-title":"Recycling of discarded mobile printed circuit boards for extraction of gold and copper","volume":"25","author":"Barnwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"1","article-title":"A mini-review of e-waste management in Brazil: Perspectives and challenges","volume":"47","author":"Neto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clean Soil Air Water"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2018.12.040","article-title":"Estimating the generation of household e-waste in municipalities using primary data from surveys: A case study of Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil","volume":"85","author":"Abbondanza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120990","article-title":"A circular approach to the e-waste valorization through urban mining in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"261","author":"Ottoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2019.10.052","article-title":"Domestic flow of e-waste in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil: Characterization to support public policies","volume":"102","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2020","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-020-01111-9","article-title":"Electronic waste generation, regulation and metal recovery: A review","volume":"19","author":"Nithya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Adrian, C.S., Drisse, M.B., Cheng, Y., Devia, L., and Deubzer, O. (2020). The Global E-Waste Monitor 2020, UNU-United Nations University."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X16652956","article-title":"Waste electrical and electronic equipment management and Basel Convention compliance in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) nations","volume":"34","author":"Ghosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Waste Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.10.219","article-title":"Waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) management: A study on the Brazilian recycling routes","volume":"174","author":"Dias","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2015.08.012","article-title":"Investigation of the thermal decomposition of printed circuit boards (PCBs) via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and analytical pyrolysis (Py\u2013GC\/MS)","volume":"115","author":"Evangelopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/14\/20\/6228\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:18:18Z","timestamp":1760167098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/14\/20\/6228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ma14206228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma14206228","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1996-1944"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]}}}