{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T19:30:32Z","timestamp":1781811032683,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H01071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H01071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the growth kinetics of the reaction layer and mechanical strength of joined materials, we joined beryllium and reduced-activation ferritic\u2013martensitic steel (F82H) by plasma sintering under various conditions and characterized the joined region. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the thickness of the reaction layer increased with an increase in the joining time and temperature. Line analyses and elemental mapping using an electron microprobe analyser showed that the reaction layer consists of Be\u2013Fe intermetallic compounds, including Be12Fe, Be5Fe, and Be2Fe, with small amounts of chromium and tungsten. Owing to the time and temperature dependence of the reaction-layer thickness, the layer growth of Be\u2013Fe intermetallic compounds obeys the parabolic law, and the activation energy for the reaction-layer growth was 116.2 kJ\/mol. The bonding strengths of the joined materials varied inversely with the thickness of the reaction layer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14216348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T22:07:11Z","timestamp":1635113231000},"page":"6348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Joining Process between Beryllium and Reduced-Activation Ferritic\u2013Martensitic Steel by Plasma Sintering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jae-Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fusion Energy Directorate, Rokkasho Fusion Institutes, Breeding Functional Materials Development Group, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Aomori 039-3212, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taehyun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fusion Energy Directorate, Rokkasho Fusion Institutes, Breeding Functional Materials Development Group, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Aomori 039-3212, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Nakamichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fusion Energy Directorate, Rokkasho Fusion Institutes, Breeding Functional Materials Development Group, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Aomori 039-3212, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miriyev, A., Grutzner, S., Kruger, L., Kalabukhov, S., and Frage, N. 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