{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T19:23:54Z","timestamp":1783106634285,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles with a homogeneous rod morphology were successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The powders were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial and dermal irritation analyses of the samples were performed and discussed. The use of cationic and anionic surfactants, namely, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), respectively, at a low concentration (2.5 mol%) modified the length\/diameter (L\/D) ratio of the HAp rods. Structural characterizations of hydroxyapatite synthesized without surfactant (HA), with 2.5 and 5 mol% of SDS (SDS\u2212 and SDS+, respectively), and with 2.5 and 5 mol% of CTAB (CTAB\u2212 and CTAB+, respectively) revealed well-crystallized samples in the hexagonal phase. The CTAB\u2212 sample presented antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus anginosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, suggesting that antimicrobial susceptibility was promoted by the bacterial nature and the use of the surfactant. Dermal irritation showed no clinical signs of disease in rabbits during the study, where there was neither erythema nor necrosis at the inoculation sites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14216522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T22:22:24Z","timestamp":1635805344000},"page":"6522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of the Structural and Morphological Properties of Surfactant-Assisted Hydroxyapatite on Dermal Irritation and Antibacterial Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Garc\u00eda Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, CIITEC IPN, Cerrada de Cecati S\/N, Col. Santa Catarina, Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 02250, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Diaz De La Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, CIITEC IPN, Cerrada de Cecati S\/N, Col. Santa Catarina, Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 02250, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Ch\u00e1vez G\u00fcitr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de M\u00e9xico\u2014UNITEC M\u00c9XICO\u2013Campus Ecatepec, Ecatepec de Morelos 55107, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"},{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Tec\u00e1mac, UTTEC, Carretera Federal M\u00e9xico\u2013Pachuca Km 37.5, Col. Sierra Hermosa, Tec\u00e1mac 55740, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0911-5061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erasto","family":"Vergara Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, UPIIH, Carretera Pachuca\u2014Actopan Kil\u00f3metro 1+500 Ciudad del Conocimiento y la Cultura, San Agust\u00edn Tlaxiaca 42162, Hidalgo, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Reyes Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, UAM, Av. San Pablo Xalpa 180, Col. Reynosa-Tamaulipas, Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 02200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maribel","family":"Quezada Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Tec\u00e1mac, UTTEC, Carretera Federal M\u00e9xico\u2013Pachuca Km 37.5, Col. Sierra Hermosa, Tec\u00e1mac 55740, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aristeo","family":"Garrido Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Tec\u00e1mac, UTTEC, Carretera Federal M\u00e9xico\u2013Pachuca Km 37.5, Col. Sierra Hermosa, Tec\u00e1mac 55740, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2005.11.053","article-title":"Hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanopowders using cationic surfactant as a template","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mater. 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