{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:49:43Z","timestamp":1790722183233,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 51509081, No. 51779087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 51509081, No. 51779087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to solve the problem of lack of natural river sand, crushed waste oyster shells (WOS) were used to replace river sand. By replacing 20% river sand, WOS mortar with different particle sizes of WOS were made for the experiment. Through experimental observation, the initial slump and slump flow loss rate were studied. The effects of different particle sizes and curing times on the compressive strength, flexural strength, static elastic modulus, and dry shrinkage of WOS mortar were analyzed. The relationship formulas between the compressive strength, flexural strength, particle size, and curing age were proposed. The results showed that the setting time and slump flow decreased with a decrease in the particle size of WOS. It was also found that the mortar with fine crushed WOS had high compressive strength, flexural strength, and static elastic modulus at both early and long-term curing age. A formula was proposed to describe the development of the compressive strength with the particle size of WOS and curing time, and the relations among these mechanical properties were discussed. Furthermore, drying shrinkage increased when WOS was used and could not satisfy the standard requirement of 0.075%. In contrast, the addition of fine WOS and double-dose sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde superplasticizer (SNF SP) reduced the shrinkage rate of the mortar by 8.35% and provided better workability and mechanical properties for mortar.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14226813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T23:04:46Z","timestamp":1636671886000},"page":"6813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Particle Size Effect of Oyster Shell on Mortar: Experimental Investigation and Modeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yingdi","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Coastal Disaster and Defence of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Da","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Coastal Disaster and Defence of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Coastal Disaster and Defence of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Scallop fishery and culture in Peru","volume":"40","author":"Mendo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Suisan Zoshoku"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.117811","article-title":"Evaluation of the eco-friendly crushed waste oyster shell mortars containing supplementary cementitious materials","volume":"237","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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