{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T11:14:03Z","timestamp":1768562043326,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) after piezocision-assisted orthodontic maxillary arch expansion. Methods: Forty CBCT images of 20 patients taken before and after treatment were included in the study. The following radiographic parameters were measured: buccal\/palatal bone plate thickness measured in three locations, 0.5 mm, 3.5 mm, and 5 mm from the margin of alveolar process; cemento-enamel junction-crest distance (CEJ-C) measured at buccal (CEJ-B) and palatal\/lingual (CEJ-P) aspects. Results: After treatment there were insignificant changes in CEJ-C and thickness of buccal\/palatal plates for all the dental groups except for incisors and premolars. CEJ-B increased by 1.43 mm on premolars and CEJ-P by 1.65 mm on incisors and by 0.31 mm on premolars. On the incisors, the buccal plate width increased significantly, by 0.2 mm and 0.44 mm at 3.5-mm and 5-mm measurement points. On premolars, the buccal plate width decreased in three measuring points by 0.27 mm, 0.37 mm, and 0.25 mm. Conclusions: Piezocision-assisted orthodontic maxillary arch expansion does not cause evident negative changes of cortical plates except for the premolar region. Therefore, premolars may be at greater risk of buccal plate loss than other teeth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14226967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T08:53:56Z","timestamp":1637225636000},"page":"6967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Cortical Bone Plate after Piezocision-Assisted Orthodontic Upper Arch Expansion: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maria Julia","family":"Pietruska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, ul. Waszyngtona 1\/34, 15-269 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Waszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, ul. Waszyngtona 1\/34, 15-269 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7473-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Skurska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugeniusz","family":"Sajewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bia\u0142ystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45c, 15-351 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Doli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Pietruska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0137","article-title":"The etiology and prevalence of gingival recession","volume":"134","author":"Kassab","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12275","article-title":"Characteristics of periodontal biotype, its dimensions, associations and prevalence: A systemic review","volume":"41","author":"Zweers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01158.x","article-title":"Bone regeneration in orthodontically produced alveolar bone dehiscences","volume":"17","author":"Karring","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2010.01491.x","article-title":"Orthodontic therapy and gingival recession: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Grebenstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12948","article-title":"Mucogingival conditions in the natural dentition: Narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations","volume":"45","author":"Cortellini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.24.4.034-045.oar","article-title":"Effect of orthodontic treatment on alveolar bone thickness in adults: A systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Sendyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent. Press J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"342","article-title":"Piezocision: A minimally invasive, periodontally accelerated orthodontic tooth movement procedure","volume":"30","author":"Dibart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"487","article-title":"Rapid treatment of Class II malocclusion with piezocision: Two case reports","volume":"30","author":"Dibart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"3","article-title":"The regional acceleratory phenomenon: A review","volume":"31","author":"Frost","year":"1983","journal-title":"Henry Hosp. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.04.124","article-title":"Periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics: A description of the surgical technique","volume":"67","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"9","article-title":"Rapid orthodontics with alveolar reshaping: Two case reports of de-crowding","volume":"21","author":"Wilcko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2008.07.007","article-title":"An evidence-based analyses of periodontally accelerated orthodontic and osteogenic techniques: A synthesis of scientific perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Wilcko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2319\/051117-328.1","article-title":"Tissue repair after selective alveolar corticotomy in orthodontic patients: A preliminary study","volume":"88","author":"Medeiros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjx041","article-title":"Corticotomy affects both the modus and magnitude of orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"23","author":"Verna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.10.011","article-title":"Corticotomies and Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review","volume":"74","author":"Patterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"e703","article-title":"Corticotomies as a surgical procedure to accelerate tooth movement during orthodontic treatment: A systematic review","volume":"21","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cirugia Bucal"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.2319\/01191-751.1","article-title":"Efficacy of piezocision on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review","volume":"87","author":"Yi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.12.030","article-title":"Alveolar corticotomies for accelerated orthodontics: A systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Gil","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.24.1.8593909","article-title":"Assessment of the dentate alveolar process with high resolution computed tomography","volume":"24","author":"Fuhrmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-008-0186-8","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomography in assessment of periodontal ligament space: In vitro study on artificial tooth model","volume":"12","author":"Kostioutchenko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.10.026","article-title":"Head-and-neck organ doses from an episode of orthodontic care","volume":"133","author":"Hujoel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.02.021","article-title":"Dehiscence and fenestration in patients with Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusion assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"138","author":"Evangelista","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.21474\/IJAR01\/2405","article-title":"Journey towards the 3D dental imaging- the milestones in the advancement of dental imaging","volume":"4","author":"Srivastava","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"125","article-title":"Thickness of the anterior maxillary facial bone wall\u2014A retrospective radiographic study using cone beam computed tomography","volume":"31","author":"Braut","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12688","article-title":"A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study of buccal plate thickness of the maxillary and mandibular posterior dentition","volume":"27","author":"Temple","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.2642","article-title":"Thickness of the buccal plate in posterior teeth: A prospective cone beam computed tomography study","volume":"37","author":"Temple","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.2319\/101117-686.1","article-title":"Evaluation of maxillary buccal alveolar bone before and after orthodontic alignment without extractions: A cone beam computed tomographic study","volume":"88","author":"Morais","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516645066","article-title":"Localized piezoelectric alveolar decortication for orthodontic treatment in adults: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"95","author":"Charavet","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2011.01527.x","article-title":"Transversal maxillary dento-alveolar changes in patients treated with active and passive self-ligating brackets: A randomized clinical trial using CBCT-scans and digital models","volume":"14","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1943-8","article-title":"Slow versus rapid maxillary expansion in bilateral cleft lip and palate: A CBCT randomized clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Ozawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/31349994","article-title":"Comparison of cone beam computed tomography imaging with physical measures","volume":"37","author":"Stratemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.12.009","article-title":"Diagnosis goes digital","volume":"125","author":"Hatcher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.025","article-title":"Image distortion and spatial resolution of a commercially available cone-beam computed tomography machine","volume":"134","author":"Ballrick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"200","article-title":"Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics combined with autogenous bone grafting","volume":"29","author":"Nowzari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahammam, M.A. (2016). Effectiveness of bovine-derived xenograft versus bioactive glass with periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics in adults: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health, 30.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-016-0321-x"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.06.147","article-title":"A novel surgical technique for augmented corticotomy-assisted orthodontics: Bone grafting with periosteum","volume":"74","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"652","article-title":"Selective piezocision-assisted orthodontic treatment combined with minimally invasive alveolar bone regeneration: A proof-of-concept","volume":"16","author":"Charavet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0737","article-title":"The clinical efficacy of deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen in conjunction with localized piezosurgical decortication enhanced orthodontics: A prospective observational study","volume":"90","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"325","article-title":"Orthodontic microsurgery: A new surgically guided technique for dental movement","volume":"27","author":"Vercellotti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12057","article-title":"Wound healing following surgical and regenerative periodontal therapy","volume":"68","author":"Susin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/14\/22\/6967\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:31:56Z","timestamp":1760167916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/14\/22\/6967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ma14226967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma14226967","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]}}}