{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:16:56Z","timestamp":1787242616270,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the testing methodology of specimens made of layers of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V in dynamic impact loading conditions. Tests were carried out using a drop-weight impact tower. The test methodology allowed us to record parameters as displacement or force. Based on recorded data, force and absorbed energy curves during plastic deformation and sheet perforation were created. The characteristics of the fractures were also analyzed. The impact test simulation was carried out in the ABAQUS\/Explicit environment. Results for one, two, and three layers of titanium alloy were compared. The increase in force required to initialize the damage and the absorbed energy during plastic deformation can be observed with an increase in the number of layers. The increase in absorbed energy is close to linear. In the simulation process, parameters such as Huber\u2013Mises\u2013Hencky stress value, equivalent plastic strain, temperature increase, and stress triaxiality were analyzed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14237209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T05:02:36Z","timestamp":1638334956000},"page":"7209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Energy Absorbing Properties Analysis of Layers Structure of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V during Dynamic Impact Loading Tests"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dominik","family":"G\u0142owacki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 24, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Mo\u0107ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Economic, Ignacy Mo\u015bcicki\u2019s University of Applied Sciences in Ciechan\u00f3w, Narutowicza 9, 06-400 Ciechan\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1056-8604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Marczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"G\u0142owacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Machine Design Fundamentals, Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 84, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9245-6344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cezary","family":"Kra\u015bkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Roads and Bridges, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, Y., Liao, Y., Li, G., Cui, J., and Jiang, H. (2021). Numerical Simulation and Parameter Analysis of Electromagnetic Riveting Process for Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Rivet. Coatings, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings11080878"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmat.2014.03.010","article-title":"Plastic Deformation of High-Purity \u03b1-Titanium: Model Development and Validation Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact Test","volume":"80","author":"Cazacu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mech. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Z., Gao, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., and Hou, H. (2021). 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