{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:05:19Z","timestamp":1791896719327,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002553","name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SeoulTech"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SeoulTech"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gallium-based liquid metal (GaLM) alloys have been extensively used in applications ranging from electronics to drug delivery systems. To broaden the understanding and applications of GaLMs, this paper discusses the interfacial behavior of eutectic gallium-indium liquid metal (EGaIn) droplets in various solvents. No significant difference in contact angles of EGaIn is observed regardless of the solvent types. However, the presence or absence of a conical tip on EGaIn droplets after dispensing could indirectly support that the interfacial energy of EGaIn is relatively low in non-polar solvents. Furthermore, in the impact experiments, the EGaIn droplet bounces off in the polar solvents of water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), whereas it spreads and adheres to the substrate in the non-polar solvents of hexane and benzene. Based on the dimensionless We number, it can be stated that the different impact behavior depending on the solvent types is closely related to the interfacial energy of EGaIn in each solvent. Finally, the contact angles and shapes of EGaIn droplets in aqueous buffer solutions with different pH values (4, 7, and 10) are compared. In the pH 10 buffer solution, the EGaIn droplet forms a spherical shape without the conical tip, representing the high surface energy. This is associated with the dissolution of the \u201cinterfacial energy-reducing\u201d surface layer on EGaIn, which is supported by the enhanced concentration of gallium ion released from EGaIn in the buffer solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15030706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T08:09:20Z","timestamp":1642493360000},"page":"706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effect of Surrounding Solvents on Interfacial Behavior of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Droplets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ji-Hye","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of New Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye-Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sooyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0720-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju-Hee","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Material and Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan 15588, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6804-741X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung-Jun","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.7b03384","article-title":"Control of Gallium Oxide Growth on Liquid Metal Eutectic Gallium\/Indium Nanoparticles via Thiolation","volume":"34","author":"Farrell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8111","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201603427","article-title":"Nanodroplets for Stretchable Superconducting Circuits","volume":"26","author":"Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. 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