{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:03:58Z","timestamp":1788563038509,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18H00965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18H00965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18K18600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K18600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, laser-heated electrospinning (LES) process using carbon dioxide laser was explored as an eco-friendly method for producing ultrafine fibers. To enhance the thinning of fibers and the formation of fiber structure, planar or equibiaxial stretching and subsequent annealing processes were applied to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fiber webs prepared by LES. The structure and properties of the obtained webs were investigated. Ultrafine fiber webs with an average diameter of approximately 1 \u03bcm and a coefficient of variation of 20\u201325% were obtained when the stretch ratios in the MD (machine direction) \u00d7 TD (transverse direction) were 3 \u00d7 1 and 3 \u00d7 3 for the planar and equibiaxial stretching, respectively. In the wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis of the web samples, preferential orientation of crystalline c-axis were confirmed along the MD for planar stretching and only along the web plane for equibiaxial stretching, which was in contrast to the stretching of film samples, where additional preferential orientation of benzene ring along the film plane proceeded. The results obtained suggest that PET fiber webs fabricated through LES and subsequent planar or biaxial stretching processes have potential for a wide variety of applications, such as packaging and battery separator materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15062209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:30:14Z","timestamp":1647811814000},"page":"2209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Planar or Biaxial Stretching of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fiber Webs Prepared by Laser-Electrospinning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Tokuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Tsuruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongzi","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsufumi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Takarada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2644-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kikutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-J3-142, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Fiber and Textile Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8534-1407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan P.","family":"Hinestroza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, 135 Human Ecology Building, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9758-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joselito M.","family":"Razal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Midori","family":"Takasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Fiber and Textile Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-6413(00)00060-4","article-title":"A model of steady state jet in the electrospinning process","volume":"27","author":"Spivak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mech. 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USSR"}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/15\/6\/2209\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:38:00Z","timestamp":1760135880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/15\/6\/2209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ma15062209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma15062209","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]}}}