{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T18:50:37Z","timestamp":1776106237391,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","award":["2018JM5029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018JM5029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Full-field measurements can provide a more complete description of the behavior of human whole tooth under load. To that end, in vitro experiments were carried out to measure the full-field buccal surface strains of human premolars free of caries and abrasion using digital image correlation (DIC). Experimental results show that both the value field and the orientation field of strains can be observed exactly, both of which contain a wealth of information. Furthermore, the strain distributions between the crown and the root of specimens were significantly different (p &lt; 0.001). An interesting observation was a watershed at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) which separates the orientation field of strains into two distinct parts; the watershed was also observed in the value field of strains in some specimens whose geometries changed obviously at the CEJ. Another interesting observation was that the minor strains increased linearly from cervical to apical regions in the root cementum. Experimental results also support the viewpoint that mechanisms of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) may in part be due to the changing orientation of tensile strains, as well as their magnitude, and they also support the hypothesis that occlusal force can contribute to root fractures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15062246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:30:14Z","timestamp":1647811814000},"page":"2246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Preliminary In Vitro Study of 3D Full-Field Strain Distribution in Human Whole Premolars Using Digital Image Correlation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"},{"name":"Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"},{"name":"Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"},{"name":"Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baoquan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.08.106","article-title":"The tooth: An analogue for biomimetic materials design and processing","volume":"36","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent. 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