{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T11:37:39Z","timestamp":1768822659804,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003848","name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M356EX3100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M356EX3100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Suture anchors are extensively used in rotator cuff tear surgery. With the advancement of three-dimensional printing technology, biodegradable metal has been developed for orthopedic applications. This study adopted three-dimensional-printed biodegradable Fe suture anchors with double-helical threads and commercialized non-vented screw-type Ti suture anchors with a tapered tip in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The in vitro study showed that the Fe and Ti suture anchors exhibited a similar ultimate failure load in 20-pound-per-cubic-foot polyurethane foam blocks and rabbit bone. In static immersion tests, the corrosion rate of Fe suture anchors was 0.049 \u00b1 0.002 mm\/year. The in vivo study was performed on New Zealand white rabbits and SAs were employed to reattach the ruptured supraspinatus tendon. The in vivo ultimate failure load of the Fe suture anchors was superior to that of the Ti suture anchors at 6 weeks. Micro-computed tomography showed that the bone volume fraction and bone surface density in the Fe suture anchors group 2 and 6 weeks after surgery were superior, and the histology confirmed that the increased bone volume around the anchor was attributable to mineralized osteocytes. The three-dimensional-printed Fe suture anchors outperformed the currently used Ti suture anchors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15082801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T02:48:59Z","timestamp":1649731739000},"page":"2801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["3D-Printed Double-Helical Biodegradable Iron Suture Anchor: A Rabbit Rotator Cuff Tear Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7689-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Chih","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Orthopedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5635-5319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Hau","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8941-4792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Hwan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Orthopedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80420, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9738-6151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Kuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Park One International Hospital, Kaohsiung 81367, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hsien","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin-I","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Lun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Hsin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3516-3120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-I","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yin-Chih","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Orthopedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.07.001","article-title":"Epidemiology, natural history, and indications for treatment of rotator cuff tears","volume":"31","author":"Tashjian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. 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