{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:53:43Z","timestamp":1787028823597,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG8E0302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8E0302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 105-2628-E-039-001-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 105-2628-E-039-001-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["CMRPG8E0302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8E0302"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST 105-2628-E-039-001-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 105-2628-E-039-001-MY2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Residual alveolar ridge resorption often occurs after tooth extraction, which causes issues requiring further prothesis rehabilitation. A treatment concept referred to as all-on-four, involving fixed dentures supported with four implants, was recently developed. The current study aimed to determine the effect of changing bone atrophy and implant length in all-on-four treatments on stress and strain in the surrounding bone of the implant. A three-dimensional finite element method was used in this research. The stress analysis was conducted with von Mises stress values. Two types of synthetic jawbone models with mild and moderate atrophy were used. Furthermore, two different implant lengths with a similar implant design and diameter were selected, and they were classified into eight models. Then, the bone model was assessed via a computed tomography (CT) scan and was transformed into a virtual model in Geomagic and SolidWorks with implant rebuilding. After modifying bone atrophy, the von Mises stresses in the surrounding bone of the implant were as follows: mild type 2 &lt; mild type 3 &lt; moderate type 3 &lt; moderate type 4. The bone quantity change rate increased more than when bone conditions were limited. Compared with changes in implant lengths, the stresses in the peri-implant surrounding bone were generally higher in the 9 mm implant length group than in the 11.5 mm group. However, the results did not significantly differ. In conclusion, the von Mises stress and strain increased in the models with moderate atrophy and low-density trabecular bone. Hence, bone atrophy and its presurgical diagnosis in long-term implant prognosis are crucial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15093295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T08:21:25Z","timestamp":1651652485000},"page":"3295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Biomechanical Evaluation of Bone Atrophy and Implant Length in Four Implants Supporting Mandibular Full-Arch-Fixed Dentures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8014-8248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng-Li","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Ling","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, No. 2, Min-Sheng Road, Dalin Town, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5533-2059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jui-Ting","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8777-5439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron Yu-Jen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Residual ridge resorption: The unstoppable","volume":"2","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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