{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:37:12Z","timestamp":1762079832365,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Province Key R&amp;D Program","award":["No.2020CXGC010203","No. 57272101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2020CXGC010203","No. 57272101"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Fund of GRIMAT","award":["No.2020CXGC010203","No. 57272101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2020CXGC010203","No. 57272101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The (Pt\/YSZ)\/YSZ sensor unit is the basic component of the NOx sensor, which can detect the emission of nitrogen oxides in exhaust fumes and optimize the fuel combustion process. In this work, the effect of sintering temperature on adhesion property and electrochemical activity of Pt\/YSZ electrode was investigated. Pt\/YSZ electrodes were prepared at different sintering temperatures. The microstructure of the Pt\/YSZ electrodes, as well as the interface between Pt\/YSZ electrode and YSZ electrolyte, were observed by SEM. Chronoamperometry, linear scan voltammetry, and AC impedance were tested by the electrochemical workstation. The results show that increasing the sintering temperature (\u22641500 \u00b0C) helped to improve adhesion property and electrochemical activity of the Pt\/YSZ electrode, which benefited from the formation of the porous structure of the Pt\/YSZ electrode. For the (Pt\/YSZ) electrode\/YSZ electrolyte system, O2\u2212 in YSZ is converted into chemisorbed O2 on Pt\/YSZ, which is desorbed into the gas phase in the form of molecular oxygen; this process could be the rate-controlling step of the anodic reaction. Increasing the sintering temperature (\u22641500 \u00b0C) could reduce the reaction activation energy of the Pt\/YSZ electrode. The activation energy reaches the minimum value (1.02 eV) when the sintering temperature is 1500 \u00b0C.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15103471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T05:10:32Z","timestamp":1652332232000},"page":"3471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Sintering Temperature on Adhesion Property and Electrochemical Activity of Pt\/YSZ Electrode"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GRINMAT State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China"},{"name":"GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiandong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRINMAT State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China"},{"name":"GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRINMAT State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China"},{"name":"GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRINMAT State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China"},{"name":"GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changhui","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRINMAT State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China"},{"name":"GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148602","article-title":"Reducing vehicle fuel consumption and exhaust emissions from the application of a green-safety device under real driving","volume":"793","author":"Ng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2017.05.010","article-title":"A Review on Various After Treatment Techniques to Reduce NOx emissions in a CI Engine","volume":"91","author":"Praveena","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Energy Inst."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140971","article-title":"Monitoring Euro 6 diesel passenger cars NOx emissions for one year in various ambient conditions with PEMS and NOx sensors","volume":"746","author":"Sderena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.2004.tb06335.x","article-title":"Zirconia-Based Electrochemical NOx Sensors with Semiconducting Oxide Electrodes","volume":"87","author":"Grilli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s11581-008-0300-6","article-title":"Solid-state electrochemical gas sensors","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ionics"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2016.03.243","article-title":"Mixed-potential type NOx sensor using stabilized zirconia and MoO3-In2O3 nanocomposites","volume":"42","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.02.146","article-title":"Solid Electrolyte Impedance metric NOx Sensor Attached with Zeolite Receptor","volume":"264","author":"Shimizu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.131622","article-title":"Modeling and analysis of pumping cell of NOx sensor\u2014Part I: Main oxygen pumping cell","volume":"359","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssi.2009.04.012","article-title":"The electrode model system Pt(O2)|YSZ: Influence of impurities and electrode morphology on cyclic voltammograms","volume":"180","author":"Mutoro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Solid State Ion."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s11244-006-0133-3","article-title":"Effect of microstructure on the electrochemical behavior of Pt\/YSZ electrodes","volume":"44","author":"Jaccoud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Top. Catal."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssi.2010.05.029","article-title":"Effect of yttria-stabilized zirconia sintering temperature on mixed potential sensor performance","volume":"181","author":"Sekhar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Solid State Ion."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.10.113","article-title":"Effect of sintering temperature of mixed potential sensor Pt\/YSZ\/LaFeO3 on gas sensing performance","volume":"224","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/SSP.268.229","article-title":"Effect of Annealing Temperature on Platinum\/YSZ Thin Film Fabricated Using RF and DC Magnetron Sputtering","volume":"268","author":"Nurhamizah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Solid State Phenom."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2738(99)00299-4","article-title":"The effect of the presence of fine YSZ particles on the performance of porous nickel electrodes","volume":"127","author":"Boer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Solid State Ion."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2011.04.005","article-title":"Preparation of nano-structured Pt-YSZ composite and its application in oxygen potentiometric sensor","volume":"257","author":"Xia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2015.10.013","article-title":"Effects of sintering temperature on the NH3 sensing properties of Mg2Cu0.25Fe1O3.75 electrode for YSZ-based potentiometric NH3 sensor","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2738(86)90308-5","article-title":"Microstructure of Pt electrodes and its influence on the oxygen transfer kinetics","volume":"18","author":"Badwal","year":"1986","journal-title":"Solid State Ion."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"194","article-title":"Effect of the Cofiring Temperature on the Characteristics of Pump Oxygen Pt\/YSZ Electrodes","volume":"50","author":"Lei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Micronanoelectron. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"114","article-title":"Preparation and Characterization of Porous Pt\/YSZ Electrode for Zirconia Oxygen Sensor","volume":"3","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Funct. Mater. Devices"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F482","DOI":"10.1149\/2.034306jes","article-title":"Solid oxide fuel cells with symmetrical Pt-YSZ electrodes prepared by YSZ infiltration","volume":"160","author":"Buyukaksoy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.10.173","article-title":"Catalyst adhesion enhancement by porous TiO2 layer formed on anodized titanium honeycomb substrate","volume":"47","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10832-007-9352-7","article-title":"Charge storage at the Pt\/YSZ interface","volume":"23","author":"Jaccoud","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Electroceram."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2018.10.071","article-title":"Dynamic electrochemical impedance study of methanol oxidation at Pt at elevated temperatures","volume":"295","author":"Holm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2007.06.046","article-title":"Charge storage in the O2(g), Pt\/YSZ system","volume":"52","author":"Jaccoud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2011.04.057","article-title":"The role of platinum oxide in the electrode system Pt(O2)\/yttria-stabilized zirconia","volume":"56","author":"Mutoro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4686(88)80133-6","article-title":"Study of ECE reactions with multiple parallel chemical steps using linear scan voltammetry","volume":"33","author":"Stuart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssi.2007.03.007","article-title":"Three-phase-boundary dynamics at Pt\/YSZ microelectrodes","volume":"178","author":"Nielsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Solid State Ion."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1007\/s10800-010-0160-4","article-title":"Investigation of the Pt\/YSZ interface at low oxygen partial pressure by solid electrochemical mass spectroscopy under high vacuum conditions","volume":"40","author":"Falgairette","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Electrochem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2010.12.125","article-title":"On the sol-gel synthesis and structure, optical, magnetic and impedance behaviour of strontium cobaltite powder","volume":"509","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4686(02)00095-6","article-title":"Characterisation of composite SOFC cathodes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Analysis of Pt\/YSZ and LSM\/YSZ electrodes","volume":"47","author":"Barbucci","year":"2002","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssi.2010.03.017","article-title":"Investigation of O2 reduction on Pt\/YSZ by means of thin film microelectrodes: The geometry dependence of the electrode impedance","volume":"181","author":"Opitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Solid State Ion."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2019.135004","article-title":"Understanding the Electrocatalytic Activity of Transition Metal Nanoparticles for Solid Oxide Cell Fuel Electrodes","volume":"327","author":"Traulsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/15\/10\/3471\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:09:37Z","timestamp":1760137777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/15\/10\/3471"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ma15103471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma15103471","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1996-1944"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]}}}