{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T08:40:35Z","timestamp":1790498435514,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ERDF project","award":["Nr.1.1.1.1\/18\/A\/182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nr.1.1.1.1\/18\/A\/182"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxic formaldehyde emissions, and the necessity to reduce the consumption of petrochemicals, stimulates the development of environmentally friendly adhesives. The aim of this research was to study, for the first time, the possibility of using condensed tannins (CTs)-rich extracts from grey alder (Alnus incana) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa) bark in the production of particleboards and plywood adhesives. The chemical structure, composition, and molecular weight of the CTs were identified by a 13C-NMR and TOF-MS analysis. Three innovative adhesive systems were studied: CTs-phenol-formaldehyde (CTs-PF) resin; a CTs-polyethyleneimine (PEI) adhesive system; and CTs\u2013PEI combined with an ultra-low emitting formaldehyde resin (ULEFR)\u2014CTs\u2013PEI\u2013ULEFR. The results showed that CTs-PF resin has properties close to commercial PF resin, and the formaldehyde emission was twice lower. CTs\u2013PEI bonded particleboards corresponded to the requirements of the EN 312:2010 standard for particleboards in dry conditions (Type P2). CTs\u2013PEI\u2013ULEFR, with a 40\u201360% substitution of ULEFR by CTs\u2013PEI, had adhesive properties very close to ULEFR; the plywood shear strength fit the requirements of the EN 314-2:1993 standard for application in internal and external system conditions. The introduction of extracted alder bark residues microparticles into the composition of the adhesive system showed their positive potential for application as a filler.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15113894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T10:05:14Z","timestamp":1653905114000},"page":"3894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Eco-Friendly Adhesives Based on the Oligomeric Condensed Tannins-Rich Extract from Alder Bark for Particleboard and Plywood Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sarmite","family":"Janceva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Andersone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Ekokompozit Ltd., Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5559-3737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uldis","family":"Spulle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wood Processing, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liela Street 2, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5172-1946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramunas","family":"Tupciauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Electra","family":"Papadopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chimar Hellas S.A., 15 km National Road Thessaloniki\u2014Polygyros, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5509-5698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oskars","family":"Bikovens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martins","family":"Andzs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalija","family":"Zaharova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Ekokompozit Ltd., Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gints","family":"Rieksts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"The Institute of Physics, University of Latvia, Miera Street 32, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Telysheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, April 12). 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