{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T17:24:27Z","timestamp":1782408267429,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish National Center for Research and Development","award":["POIR.01.01.01-00-0362\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.01.01.01-00-0362\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recovery of zinc and manganese from scrapped alkaline batteries were carried out in the following way: leaching in H2SO4 and selective precipitation of zinc and manganese by alkalization\/neutralization. As a result of non-selective leaching, 95.6\u201399.7% Zn was leached and 83.7\u201399.3% Mn was leached. A critical technological parameter is the liquid\/solid treatment (l\/s) ratio, which should be at least 20 mL\u2219g\u22121. Selective leaching, which allows the leaching of zinc only, takes place with a leaching yield of 84.8\u201398.5% Zn, with minimal manganese co-leaching, 0.7\u201312.3%. The optimal H2SO4 concentration is 0.25 mol\u2219L\u22121. Precipitation of zinc and manganese from the solution after non-selective leaching, with the use of NaOH at pH = 13, and then with H2SO4 to pH = 9, turned out to be ineffective: the manganese concentrate contained 19.9 wt.% Zn and zinc concentrate, and 21.46 wt.% Mn. Better selectivity results were obtained if zinc was precipitated from the solution after selective leaching: at pH = 6.5, 90% of Zn precipitated, and only 2% manganese. Moreover, the obtained concentrate contained over 90% of ZnO. The precipitation of zinc with sodium phosphate and sodium carbonate is non-selective, despite its relatively high efficiency: up to 93.70% of Zn and 4.48\u201393.18% of Mn and up to 95.22% of Zn and 19.55\u201399.71% Mn, respectively for Na3PO4 and Na2CO3. Recovered zinc and manganese compounds could have commercial values with suitable refining processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15113966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1654167902000},"page":"3966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Studies of Selective Recovery of Zinc and Manganese from Alkaline Batteries Scrap by Leaching and Precipitation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4802-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Skrzekut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Piotrowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5321-7401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Noga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6203-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"W\u0119drychowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, 65-516 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam W.","family":"Byda\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, 65-516 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3390\/suschem2010011","article-title":"A Review on Battery Market Trends, Second-Life Reuse, and Recycling","volume":"2","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain. 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