{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:18:13Z","timestamp":1791839893234,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NAWI Graz Geocenter (Graz University of Technology)"},{"name":"TU Graz Open Access Publishing Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The hydrothermal alteration of perlite into zeolites was studied using a two-step approach. Firstly, perlite powder was transformed into Na-P1 (GIS) or hydro(xy)sodalite (SOD) zeolites at 100 \u00b0C and 24 h using 2 or 5 M NaOH solutions. Secondly, the Si:Al molar ratio of the reacted Si-rich solution was adjusted to 1 by Na-aluminate addition to produce zeolite A (LTA) at 65 or 95 \u00b0C and 6 or 24 h at an efficiency of 90 \u00b1 9% for Al and 93 \u00b1 6% for Si conversion. The performance of these zeolites for metal ion removal and water softening applications was assessed by sorption experiments using an artificial waste solution containing 4 mmol\/L of metal ions (Me2+: Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+ and Zn2+) and local tap water (2.1 mmol\/L Ca2+ and 0.6 mmol\/L Mg2+) at 25 \u00b0C. The removal capacity of the LTA-zeolite ranged from 2.69 to 2.86 mmol\/g for Me2+ (=240\u2013275 mg\/g), which is similar to commercial zeolite A (2.73 mmol\/g) and GIS-zeolite (2.69 mmol\/g), and significantly higher compared to the perlite powder (0.56 mmol\/g) and SOD-zeolite (0.88 mmol\/g). The best-performing LTA-zeolite removed 99.8% Ca2+ and 93.4% Mg2+ from tap water. Our results demonstrate the applicability of the LTA-zeolites from perlite for water treatment and softening applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15134474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T21:01:41Z","timestamp":1656277301000},"page":"4474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Synthesis of Zeolites from Fine-Grained Perlite and Their Application as Sorbents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8236-1752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Painer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Geosciences & NAWI Graz Geocenter, Graz University of Technology, Rechbauerstra\u00dfe 12, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2319-4640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre","family":"Baldermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Geosciences & NAWI Graz Geocenter, Graz University of Technology, Rechbauerstra\u00dfe 12, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Gallien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Omya GmbH, Gersheimstrasse 1-2, 9722 Gummern, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Eichinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Geosciences & NAWI Graz Geocenter, Graz University of Technology, Rechbauerstra\u00dfe 12, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Steindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Geosciences & NAWI Graz Geocenter, Graz University of Technology, Rechbauerstra\u00dfe 12, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5416-9798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reiner","family":"Dohrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hanover, Germany"},{"name":"State Authority of Mining, Energy and Geology (LBEG), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2222-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Dietzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Geosciences & NAWI Graz Geocenter, Graz University of Technology, Rechbauerstra\u00dfe 12, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.02.038","article-title":"Multiple inorganic toxic substances contaminating the groundwater of Myingyan Township, Myanmar: Arsenic, manganese, fluoride, iron, and uranium","volume":"517","author":"Bacquart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. 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