{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:22:27Z","timestamp":1792135347360,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the framework of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education\u2019s program","award":["005\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["005\/RID\/2018\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the study was to densify samples of Paulownia Clone wood in vitro 112 and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) by compression in the radial direction. Before the specimens were densified, they were subjected to plastic treatment in an ammonia solution. After densification, the compressive strength in the radial direction and the determination of the Brinell hardness in all three anatomical directions of the wood were determined. The wood swelling in humid air (98% RH) and liquid water was also determined. Paulownia wood density increased by about 280% and hornbeam wood density by 40%. The Brinell hardness parallel to the fibres increased by 49 and 390%, perpendicular by 80 and 388% for hornbeam and Paulownia, respectively. A significant increase in the compressive strength of wood in the radial direction was also observed. Densified hornbeam wood exposed to water showed a high swelling value of 153, while Paulownia wood exhibited 107%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15144984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T11:32:23Z","timestamp":1658143943000},"page":"4984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Selected Properties of Densified Hornbeam and Paulownia Wood Plasticised in Ammonia Solution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0784-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Mania","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wood Science and Thermal Techniques, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38\/42, 60-627 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karol","family":"Hartlieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wood Science and Thermal Techniques, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38\/42, 60-627 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Mruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wood Science and Thermal Techniques, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38\/42, 60-627 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7508-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Roszyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wood Science and Thermal Techniques, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38\/42, 60-627 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Densification of wood","volume":"82","author":"Kutnar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zb. 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