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In this study, highly stretchable and conductive composite films based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiopehe):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (CMC-PEDOT:PSS) were fabricated. The composite films achieved excellent electrical and mechanical properties by optimizing the lab-synthesized PEDOT:PSS, dimethyl sulfoxide, and glycerol content in the CMC matrix. The optimized composite film exhibited a small increase of only 1.25-fold in relative resistance under 100% strain. The CMC-PEDOT:PSS composite film exhibited outstanding mechanical properties under cyclic tape attachment\/detachment, bending, and stretching\/releasing tests. The small changes in the relative resistance of the films under mechanical deformation indicated excellent electrical contacts between the conductive PEDOT:PSS in the CMC matrix, and strong bonding strength between CMC and PEDOT:PSS. We fabricated highly stretchable and conformable on-skin sensors based on conductive and stretchable CMC-PEDOT:PSS composite films, which can sensitively monitor subtle bio-signals and human motions such as respiratory humidity, drinking water, speaking, skin touching, skin wrinkling, and finger bending. Because of the outstanding electrical properties of the films, the on-skin sensors can operate with a low power consumption of only a few microwatts. Our approach paves the way for the realization of low-power-consumption stretchable electronics using highly stretchable CMC-PEDOT:PSS composite films.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15145009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T05:37:53Z","timestamp":1658209073000},"page":"5009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Stretchable and Conductive Cellulose\/Conductive Polymer Composite Films for On-Skin Strain Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Joo Won","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry-University Cooperation Foundation, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Ha","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siti Aisyah Nurmaulia","family":"Entifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajeng","family":"Prameswati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anky Fitrian","family":"Wibowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Chan","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonghee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Creative Convergence Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myoung-Woon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"},{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-022-00140-4","article-title":"On-Skin Ultrathin and Stretchable Multifunctional Sensor for Smart Healthcare Wearables","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Flex. Electron."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1904765","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201904765","article-title":"Electronic Skin: Recent Progress and Future Prospects for Skin-Attachable Devices for Health Monitoring, Robotics, and Prosthetics","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0045-y","article-title":"Wearable Biosensors for Healthcare Monitoring","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22200","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c04709","article-title":"Superelastic, Sensitive, and Low Hysteresis Flexible Strain Sensor Based on Wave-Patterned Liquid Metal for Human Activity Monitoring","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001363","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202001363","article-title":"A Highly Aligned Nanowire-Based Strain Sensor for Ultrasensitive Monitoring of Subtle Human Motion","volume":"16","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51712-w","article-title":"Highly Sensitive and Full Range Detectable Humidity Sensor Using PEDOT:PSS, Methyl Red and Graphene Oxide Materials","volume":"9","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16268-8","article-title":"Flexible and Stretchable Metal Oxide Nanofiber Networks for Multimodal and Monolithically Integrated Wearable Electronics","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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