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However, the high damping effect is highly temperature-dependent, and only exists during cooling or heating over the temperature range where martensitic transformation occurs. As a result, expanding the temperature range of martensite transformation is an effective approach to widen the working temperature window with high damping performance. In this work, layer-structured functionally graded NiTi alloys were produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) alternating two or three sets of process parameters. The transformation behavior shows that austenite transforms gradually into martensite over a wide temperature range during cooling, and multiple transformation peaks are observed. A microstructure composed of alternating layers of B2\/B19\u2032 phases is obtained at room temperature. The functionally graded sample shows high damping performance over a wide temperature range of up to 70 K, which originates from the gradual formation of the martensite phase during cooling. This work proves the potential of L-PBF to create NiTi alloys with high damping properties over a wide temperature range for damping applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15145073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T22:38:50Z","timestamp":1658443130000},"page":"5073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Structure, Martensitic Transformation, and Damping Properties of Functionally Graded NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Kustov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de F\u00edsica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra Valldemossa km 7.5, E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Van Humbeeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 Bus 2450, B3001 Heverlee, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5132-6797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiebin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2004.10.001","article-title":"Physical metallurgy of Ti\u2013Ni-based shape memory alloys","volume":"50","author":"Otsuka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. 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