{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:07:58Z","timestamp":1789139278115,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Iwan model is composed of elastoplastic elements and is widely used to represent the stiffness degradation of bolted joints under mixed-mode loading (normal and tangential loading). The latest static methods of parameter identification established the relationship between the elastoplastic elements and the contact pressure under normal loading. Under mixed-mode loading, the parameters of the Iwan model are dynamic for the evolution of contact conditions. Therefore, static parameter identification methods are not suitable for the dynamic Iwan model. A new technique was proposed to identify the parameters of the elastoplastic elements in this paper. Firstly, several different finite element models were established. The influence of the contact method and the thread structure were analyzed, and a reliable and efficient bolted-joint modeling method was proposed. Secondly, the evolution of contact conditions was studied. The dynamic elliptical contact model and the ellipticity discrete method were proposed. Finally, the residual stiffness of the Iwan model was analyzed to establish the mapping between the residual stiffness and the bending of the screw. The results can provide a technique for identifying the parameters of the dynamic Iwan model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15175817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T02:55:34Z","timestamp":1661309734000},"page":"5817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Finite Element Analysis of Elastoplastic Elements in the Iwan Model of Bolted Joints"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sheng-Ao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-Xi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao-Qun","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Long","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Wang, B., and Ma, X. 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