{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:36:27Z","timestamp":1783478187320,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania","award":["CNFIS-FDI-2022-0253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNFIS-FDI-2022-0253"]}]},{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Education","award":["CNFIS-FDI-2022-0253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNFIS-FDI-2022-0253"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dental endo-osseous implants have become a widely used treatment for replacing missing teeth. Dental implants are placed into a surgically created osteotomy in alveolar bone, the healing of the soft tissue lesion and the osseointegration of the implant being key elements to long-term success. Autophagy is considered the major intracellular degradation system, playing important roles in various cellular processes involved in dental implant integration. The aim of this review is an exploration of autophagy roles in the main cell types involved in the healing and remodeling of soft tissue lesions and implant osseointegration, post-implant surgery. We have focused on the autophagy pathway in macrophages, endothelial cells; osteoclasts, osteoblasts; fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and keratinocytes. In macrophages, autophagy modulates innate and adaptive immune responses playing a key role in osteo-immunity. Autophagy induction in endothelial cells promotes apoptosis resistance, cell survival, and protection against oxidative stress damage. The autophagic machinery is also involved in transporting stromal vesicles containing mineralization-related factors to the extracellular matrix and regulating osteoblasts\u2019 functions. Alveolar bone remodeling is achieved by immune cells differentiation into osteoclasts; autophagy plays an important and active role in this process. Autophagy downregulation in fibroblasts induces apoptosis, leading to better wound healing by improving excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and inhibiting fibrosis progression. Autophagy seems to be a dual actor on the scene of dental implant surgery, imposing further research in order to completely reveal its positive features which may be essential for clinical efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15176041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:19:01Z","timestamp":1662077941000},"page":"6041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Autophagy Plays Multiple Roles in the Soft-Tissue Healing and Osseointegration in Dental Implant Surgery\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4345-282X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ripszky Totan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina Melescanu","family":"Imre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Parvu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Complementary Sciences, Hygiene and Medical Ecology Discipline, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Meghea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radu","family":"Radulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8105-7687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Sebastian Alexandru","family":"Enasescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai Radu","family":"Moisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silviu Mirel","family":"Pituru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Professional Organization and Medical Legislation-Malpractice, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses: I. Experimental studies","volume":"3","author":"Branemark","year":"1969","journal-title":"Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Narim, L., and Wilson, H.F. (2005). History and Development of Dental Implants. Implantology in General Dental Practice, Quintessence Publishing Co."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(83)90065-0","article-title":"Osseointegrated titanium fixtures in the treatment of edentulousness","volume":"4","author":"Branemark","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2009.12.003","article-title":"Classification of osseointegrated implant surfaces: Materials, chemistry and topography","volume":"28","author":"Ehrenfest","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-10-34","article-title":"Definition, etiology, prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis\u2014A review","volume":"10","author":"Smeets","year":"2014","journal-title":"Head Face Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang, Y.J., Kim, J.H., and Byun, S. (2019). Modulation of Autophagy for Controlling Immunity. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8020138"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1009787","article-title":"Impaired macrophage autophagy increases the immune response in obese mice by promoting proinflammatory macrophage polarization","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02142","article-title":"Antimycobacterial and Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms of Baicalin via Induced Autophagy in Macrophages Infected with Myco-bacterium tuberculosis","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08155","article-title":"mTOR regulates memory CD8 T-cell differentiation","volume":"460","author":"Araki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32928","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32928","article-title":"Autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in adjuvant-arthritis rats treatment with resveratrol","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2019.15753","article-title":"Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Fresh Panax ginseng Leaf Extract Suppress Adipogenesis by Downregulating PPARgamma\/CEBPalpha Signaling in 3T3-L1 Mature Adipocytes","volume":"19","author":"Simu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02980150","article-title":"Wild ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and obesity in icr mice","volume":"27","author":"Moon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacal Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02985-x","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome in endothelial dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.01.018","article-title":"Autophagy in Inflammation, Infection, and Immunometabolism","volume":"54","author":"Deretic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3532","article-title":"Autophagy in infection, inflammation and immunity","volume":"13","author":"Deretic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.08.010","article-title":"Estrogen prevent atherosclerosis by attenuating endothelial cell pyroptosis via activation of estrogen receptor \u03b1-mediated autophagy","volume":"28","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-021-02297-0","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia-induced autophagy via AMPK\/mTOR signaling pathway attenuates endothelial apoptosis and dysfunction in vitro","volume":"25","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6714","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102183","article-title":"MeCP2 inhibits cell functionality through FoxO3a and autophagy in endothelial progenitor cells","volume":"11","author":"Zha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1194-5","article-title":"Autophagy promotes angiogenesis via AMPK\/Akt\/mTOR signaling during the recovery of heat-denatured endothelial cells","volume":"9","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902945","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.902945","article-title":"Opinion: Endothelial Cells-Macrophage-Like Gatekeepers?","volume":"13","author":"Stolarz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24646","article-title":"Beclin-1 is required for RANKL-induced OCsdifferentiation","volume":"229","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.08.016","article-title":"Autophagyproteins regulate the secretory component of OCsic bone resorption","volume":"21","author":"DeSelm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2012.03.007","article-title":"Microtu-bule-associated protein light chain 3 regulatesCdc42-dependent actin ring formation in OCs","volume":"44","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24885-z","article-title":"Overactive autophagy is a pathological mechanism underlying premature suture ossification in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis","volume":"8","author":"Qiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.02.062","article-title":"Staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid promotes osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells by increasing autophagic activity","volume":"485","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2652","article-title":"Simvastatin improves oral implant osseointegration via enhanced autophagy and osteogenesis of BMSCs and inhibited osteoclast activity","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4814","article-title":"Transcription factor EB-mediated autophagy promotes dermal fibroblast differentiation and collagen production by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy-dependent secretion","volume":"47","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13410","article-title":"Inactivation of Beclin-1-dependent autophagy promotes ursolic acid-induced apoptosis in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts","volume":"27","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2021.01.003","article-title":"Autophagy, tissue repair, and fibrosis: A delicate balance","volume":"100\u2013101","author":"Migneault","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Intracellular glucose starvation affects gingival homeostasis and autophagy","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2011.03.007","article-title":"Autophagy and apoptosis: What is the connection?","volume":"21","author":"Gump","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.152.4.657","article-title":"Dissection of Autophagosome Formation Using Apg5-Deficient Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells","volume":"152","author":"Mizushima","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193497","article-title":"Autophagy and Metabolism","volume":"330","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12767","article-title":"Autophagy activation is required for myofibroblast differentiation during healing of oral mucosa","volume":"44","author":"Vescarelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1816342","article-title":"Keratinocyte autophagy enables the activation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts and facilitates wound healing","volume":"17","author":"Qiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1473-9","article-title":"Involvement of autophagy in hypoxia-BNIP3 signaling to promote epidermal keratinocyte migration","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1100356","article-title":"Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)","volume":"12","author":"Klionsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10657","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000770RR","article-title":"Autophagy plays a positive role in induction of epidermal proliferation","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tkac003","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkac003","article-title":"Autophagy and skin wound healing","volume":"10","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Burn. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1998.tb00122.x","article-title":"The interface between the mucosa and the implant","volume":"17","author":"Lindhe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Periodontology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12179","article-title":"Osseointegration of titanium, titanium alloy and zirconia dental im-plants: Current knowledge and open questions","volume":"73","author":"Bosshardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2006.01380.x","article-title":"Morphogenesis of the peri-implant mucosa: An experimental study in dogs","volume":"18","author":"Berglundh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-06-362186","article-title":"Phagocytosis by macrophages and endothelial cells inhibits procoagulant and fibrinolytic activity of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells","volume":"119","author":"Xie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1234563","article-title":"Autophagy and its implication in human oral diseases","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1236878","article-title":"ATG proteins: Are we always looking at autophagy?","volume":"12","author":"Mauthe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5309.75","article-title":"Wound healing\u2013aiming for perfect skin regeneration","volume":"276","author":"Martin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2014.00132","article-title":"Grouping of experimental conditions as an approach to evaluate effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on oxidative response in in vitro studies","volume":"2","author":"Mattsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2018.00109","article-title":"Autophagy in Neutrophils: From Granulopoiesis to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps","volume":"6","author":"Skendros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00067.2017","article-title":"Wound Healing: A Cellular Perspective","volume":"99","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.08.019","article-title":"Autophagy is required for neutrophil-mediated inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425917704299","article-title":"The interrelationship between phagocytosis, autophagy and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps following infection of human neutrophils by Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"23","author":"Ullah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201603-0596OC","article-title":"Autophagy Primes Neutrophils for Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation during Sepsis","volume":"196","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.2478\/jtim-2019-0011","article-title":"MicroRNA regulated macrophage activation in obesity","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Transl. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4808","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26677","article-title":"Autophagy inhibition promotes phagocytosis of macrophage and protects mice from methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia","volume":"119","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12604","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28527","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid enhances M2 macrophage polarization via the p38 signaling pathway and autophagy","volume":"120","author":"Kawano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1569298","article-title":"Vitamin D improves sunburns by increasing autophagy in M2 macrophages","volume":"15","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100303","article-title":"The response of soft tissue cells to Ti implants is modulated by blood-implant interactions","volume":"15","author":"Lackington","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1159\/000489982","article-title":"Artesunate Attenuates Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Release from Macrophages by Inhibiting TLR4-Mediated Autophagic Activation via the TRAF6-Beclin1-PI3KC3 Pathway","volume":"47","author":"Kuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.04.008","article-title":"Selective Autophagy of the Adaptor Protein Bcl10 Modulates T Cell Receptor Activation of NF-\u03baB","volume":"36","author":"Paul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9587","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.202911","article-title":"Autophagy Controls IL-1\u03b2 Secretion by Targeting Pro-IL-1\u03b2 for Degradation","volume":"286","author":"Harris","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2563","article-title":"Receptor interacting protein kinase 2\u2013mediated mitophagy regulates inflammasome activation during virus infection","volume":"14","author":"Lupfer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2018.00147","article-title":"Selective Autophagy and Xenophagy in Infection and Disease","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13095","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.13095","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signalling cross-activates the autophagic pathway to restrict Salmonella Typhimurium growth in macrophages","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2015.01.004","article-title":"Current concepts for the biological basis of dental implants: Foreign body equilibrium and osseointegration dynamics","volume":"27","author":"Trindade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18418","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98007-7","article-title":"The role of autophagy in the process of osseointegration around titanium implants with micro-nano topography promoted by osteoimmunity","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4437","article-title":"The pathogenesis of human cytomegalovirus","volume":"235","author":"Griffiths","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmx136","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits apoptosis by increasing autophagy via the AMPK\/mTOR signaling in serum deprivation macrophages","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00727","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 Enhances Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability by Improving Autophagy and Lipid Metabolism in Macrophage Foam Cells","volume":"8","author":"Qiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-019-0287-8","article-title":"Autophagy in endothelial cells and tumor angiogenesis","volume":"26","author":"Schaaf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000339613","article-title":"Wound Repair and Regeneration","volume":"49","author":"Reinke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.309973","article-title":"Endothelial-Specific Deficiency of ATG5 (Autophagy Protein 5) Attenuates Ischemia-Related Angiogenesis","volume":"39","author":"Sprott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02849-4","article-title":"Ischemia induces autophagy of endothelial cells and stimulates angiogenic effects in a hindlimb ischemia mouse model","volume":"11","author":"Jeong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jcs250274","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.250274","article-title":"Protein tyrosine phosphatase-PEST mediates hypoxia-induced endothelial autophagy and angiogenesis via AMPK activation","volume":"134","author":"Chandel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108.3.967","article-title":"Phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies by liver endothelial cells","volume":"108","author":"Dini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2010.02.001","article-title":"Erythrophagocytosis by angiogenic endothelial cells is enhanced by loss of erythrocyte deformability","volume":"38","author":"Fens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1160\/TH12-12-0894","article-title":"Endothelial Cell Phagocytosis of Senescent Neutrophils Decreases Procoagulant Activity","volume":"109","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0324-9","article-title":"Microvascular endothelial cells engulf myelin debris and promote macrophage recruitment and fibrosis after neural injury","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.8.1477","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of the New Osteoclast Progenitor with Macrophage Phenotypes Being Able to Differentiate into Mature Osteoclasts","volume":"15","author":"Takeshita","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12146","article-title":"Osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation on SLA and hydrophilic modified SLA titanium surfaces","volume":"25","author":"Bang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2010.02027.x","article-title":"Chemical modification of an implant surface increases osteogenesis and simultaneously reduces osteoclastogenesis: An in vitro study","volume":"22","author":"Mamalis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064753","article-title":"RANK-L and RANK: T Cells, Bone Loss, and Mammalian Evolution","volume":"20","author":"Theill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/16852","article-title":"OPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymph-node organogenesis","volume":"397","author":"Kong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7260","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.18.7260","article-title":"Origin of osteoclasts: Mature monocytes and macrophages are capable of differentiating into osteoclasts under a suitable microenvironment prepared by bone marrow-derived stromal cells","volume":"87","author":"Udagawa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80209-3","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin: A Novel Secreted Protein Involved in the Regulation of Bone Density","volume":"89","author":"Simonet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"185","article-title":"Inflammatory cell infiltrate and RANKL\/OPG expression in rheumatoid synovium: Comparison with other inflammatory arthropathies and correlation with outcome","volume":"23","author":"Fonseca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-018-0019-6","article-title":"Paracrine and endocrine actions of bone\u2014The functions of secretory proteins from osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts","volume":"6","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199602)166:2<311::AID-JCP9>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Synthesis of membrane- and matrix-bound colony-stimulating factor-1 by cultured osteoblasts","volume":"166","author":"Felix","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5484.1504","article-title":"Bone Resorption by Osteoclasts","volume":"289","author":"Teitelbaum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401285","article-title":"M-CSF, TNF\u03b1 and RANK ligand promote osteoclast survival by signaling through mTOR\/S6 kinase","volume":"10","author":"Glantschnig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116538","article-title":"The origins and formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts","volume":"164","author":"Elson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200523394","article-title":"IL-1 mediates TNF-induced osteoclastogenesis","volume":"115","author":"Wei","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11742","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610812104","article-title":"TNF-induced structural joint damage is mediated by IL-1","volume":"104","author":"Zwerina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken363","article-title":"IL-6 trans-signalling directly induces RANKL on fibroblast-like synovial cells and is involved in RANKL induction by TNF- and IL-17","volume":"47","author":"Hashizume","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4226","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.11.4226","article-title":"IL-6 stimulates osteoclast-like multinucleated cell formation in long term human marrow cultures by inducing IL-1 release","volume":"144","author":"Kurihara","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4838","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.8.4838","article-title":"Marrow Stromal Cells and Osteoclast Precursors Differentially Contribute to TNF-\u03b1-Induced Osteoclastogenesis In Vivo","volume":"173","author":"Kitaura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.1202","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 mediates RANK ligand stimulation of osteoclast differentiation by an autocrine mechanism","volume":"83","author":"Zou","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-396-7_12","article-title":"Derivation and characterization of murine alternatively activated (M2) macrophages","volume":"531","author":"Ho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.310","article-title":"Tumor-Associated Macrophage-Induced Invasion and Angiogenesis of Human Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells by Cyclooxygenase-2 Induction","volume":"129","author":"Tjiu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11000","article-title":"Osteoprotection by semaphorin 3A","volume":"485","author":"Hayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3654","article-title":"Osteoblast-derived WNT16 represses osteoclastogenesis and prevents cortical bone fragility fractures","volume":"20","author":"Henning","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2653","article-title":"Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling between osteoblast-lineage cells and osteoclast precursors enhances osteoclastogenesis","volume":"18","author":"Maeda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1647","article-title":"A histone lysine methyltransferase activated by non-canonical Wnt signalling suppresses PPAR-\u03b3 transactivation","volume":"9","author":"Takada","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M510156200","article-title":"MCP-1-induced human OCs-like cells are tartrate-resistant acidphosphatase, NFATc1, and calcitonin receptor-positive but require receptoractivator of NFkappaB ligand for bone resorption","volume":"281","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20649","article-title":"Induction of chemokinesand chemokine receptors CCR2b and CCR4 in authentic human OCs differentiated with RANKL and OCs like cells differentiated by MCP-1and RANTES","volume":"97","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.2741\/2260","article-title":"What triggers cell-mediated mineralization?","volume":"12","author":"Huitema","year":"2007","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6285620","article-title":"Impact of Dental Implant Surface Modifications on Osseointegration","volume":"2016","author":"Smeets","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00490","article-title":"The Autophagy in Osteoimmonology: Self-Eating, Maintenance, and Beyond","volume":"10","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1668","article-title":"Autophagy: A new player in skeletal maintenance?","volume":"27","author":"Hocking","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.26679","article-title":"Boning up on autophagy: The role of autophagy in skeletal biology","volume":"10","author":"Shapiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"2535","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase stimulates OBs diferentiation and mineralization through autophagy induction","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.10.013","article-title":"Mechanosensation and transduction in osteocytes","volume":"54","author":"Bakker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaap8798","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aap8798","article-title":"Transcriptional signature primes human oral mucosa for rapid wound healing","volume":"10","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12816","article-title":"Histatins, wound healing, and cell migration","volume":"24","author":"Torres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2000.2240107.x","article-title":"Cell biology of gingival wound healing","volume":"24","author":"Uitto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Periodontology"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G., Ma, F., Guo, J., and Zhao, H. (2021). Case Study of Roadway Deformation Failure Mechanisms: Field Investigation and Numerical Simulation. Energies, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/en14041032"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25946","article-title":"Stimulation of oral fibroblast chemokine receptors identifies CCR3 and CCR4 as potential wound healing targets","volume":"232","author":"Buskermolen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411006","article-title":"Cutaneous wound healing","volume":"341","author":"Singer","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm809","article-title":"Myofibroblasts and mechano-regulation of connective tissue remodelling","volume":"3","author":"Tomasek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12223","article-title":"Morphogenesis of peri-implant mucosa revisited: An experimental study in humans","volume":"25","author":"Tomasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.1999.261005.x","article-title":"The barrier between the keratinized mucosa and the dental implant","volume":"26","author":"Moon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-017-0030-9","article-title":"Effects of Remifentanil Preconditioning Attenuating Oxidative Stress in Human Dermal Fibroblast","volume":"14","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5387\/fms.2016-13","article-title":"Spatiotemporal alterations of autophagy marker LC3 in rat skin fibroblasts during wound healing process","volume":"64","author":"Asai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fukushima J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30216-X","article-title":"The wound healing process","volume":"11","author":"Kirsner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.95","article-title":"AMPK: Guardian of metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis","volume":"19","author":"Herzig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29044","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in metabolic regulation","volume":"116","author":"Yun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3311","article-title":"AMPK: A nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis; Shackelford, D.B. & Shaw, R.J","volume":"13","author":"Hardie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2007.07.009","article-title":"ROS, mitochondria and the regulation of autophagy","volume":"17","author":"Elazar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508400403","article-title":"Distinct Patterns of Angiogenesis in Oral and Skin Wounds","volume":"84","author":"Szpaderska","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_129","first-page":"210","article-title":"A new association between hyaluronic acid and collagenase in wound repair: An open study","volume":"2","author":"Onesti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mah, W., Jiang, G., Olver, D., Cheung, G., Kim, B., Larjava, H., and H\u00e4kkinen, L. (2014). Human gingival fibroblasts display a non-fibrotic phenotype distinct from skin fibroblasts in three-dimensional cultures. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090715"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.122.1.103","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in-duces alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in granulation tissue myofibroblasts and in quiescent and growing cultured fibroblasts","volume":"122","author":"Desmouliere","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1067-1927.2005.130102.x","article-title":"Tissue repair, contraction, and the myofibroblast","volume":"13","author":"Desmouliere","year":"2005","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700613","article-title":"Formation and Function of the Myofibroblast during Tissue Repair","volume":"127","author":"Hinz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.103.6.2787","article-title":"A monoclonal antibody against alpha-smooth muscle actin: A new probe for smooth muscle differentiation","volume":"103","author":"Skalli","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"21","article-title":"Alpha-smooth muscle actin is transiently expressed by myofibroblasts during experimental wound healing","volume":"63","author":"Darby","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2006.00107.x","article-title":"Phenotypic differences between oral and skin fibroblasts in wound contraction and growth factor expression","volume":"14","author":"Shannon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869390","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/869390","article-title":"Autophagy: A multifaceted partner in liver fibrosis","volume":"2014","author":"Mallat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2011.100573","article-title":"Biomechanical Behavior of Oral Soft Tissues","volume":"82","author":"Goktas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20190259","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2019.0259","article-title":"Biomechanical behaviours of the bone\u2013implant interface: A review","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2276-y","article-title":"How frequent does peri-implantitis occur? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Rakic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2018.11.007","article-title":"Survival of dental implants at sites after implant failure: A systematic review","volume":"123","author":"Oh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apablaza, J.A., D\u00edas, F.J., S\u00e1nchez, K.G., Navarro, P., and Venegas, C. (2022). Analysis of the Chemical Composition and Morphological Characterization of Tissue Osseointegrated to a Dental Implant after 5 Years of Function. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23168882"},{"key":"ref_143","first-page":"114","article-title":"10-year outcomes with immediate and early loaded implants with a chemically modified SLA surface","volume":"50","author":"Nicolau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3390\/prosthesis2020011","article-title":"Titanium Alloys for Dental Implants: A Review","volume":"2","author":"Nicholson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prosthesis"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s13191-012-0133-x","article-title":"A focus on soft tissue in dental implantology","volume":"12","author":"Talwar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Indian Prosthodont. Soc."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820261006","article-title":"Effect of surface processing on the attachment, orientation, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts on titanium","volume":"26","author":"Hormia","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(01)00024-2","article-title":"The titanium surface texture effects adherence and growth of human gingival keratinocytes and human maxillar osteoblast-like cells in vitro","volume":"22","author":"Lauer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2014.04.001","article-title":"Soft tissue integration versus early biofilm formation on different dental implant materials","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2018.11.026","article-title":"Surface structuring by Electron Beam for improved soft tissues adhesion and reduced bacterial contamination on Ti-grade 2","volume":"266","author":"Ferraris","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Process. Technol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.10.065","article-title":"Titanium surfaces characteristics modulate macrophage polarization","volume":"95","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700701","article-title":"Inflammation in Wound Repair: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms","volume":"127","author":"Eming","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700786","article-title":"Keratinocyte\u2013Fibroblast Interactions in Wound Healing","volume":"127","author":"Werner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399411001943","article-title":"Inflammation and wound healing: The role of the macrophage","volume":"13","author":"Koh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_154","first-page":"301","article-title":"Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in wound healing","volume":"7","author":"Darby","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/15\/17\/6041\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:21:37Z","timestamp":1760142097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/15\/17\/6041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"references-count":154,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ma15176041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma15176041","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]}}}