{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T11:54:17Z","timestamp":1784116457542,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002767","name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JJ30672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Xiangtan University","award":["2021JJ30672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30672"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg alloys with a silicon content of around 10 wt % are widely used in the aerospace and automotive fields due to their excellent casting properties. However, the occurrence of \u201csilicon poisoning\u201d weakens the refinement effect of a conventional refiner system such as Al-5Ti-1B. In this paper, we proposed the \u201cpre-refinement\u201d method to avoid the \u201cSi poisoning\u201d to recover the refinement effect of Al-5Ti-1B. The core concept was to adjust the order of adding the Si element to form the TiAl3 before forming the Ti-Si intermetallic compound. To prove the effectiveness of the \u201cpre-refinement\u201d method, three alloys of \u201cpre-refinement\u201d, \u201cpost-refinement\u201d, and \u201cnon-refinement\u201d of an Al-10Si-0.48Mg alloy were prepared and characterized in as-cast and heat-treatment states. The results showed that the average grain diameter of the \u201cpre-refinement\u201d alloy was 60.19% smaller than that of the \u201cpost-refinement\u201d one and 81.34% smaller than that of the \u201cnon-refinement\u201d one, which demonstrated that the proposed method could effectively avoid the \u201csilicon poisoning\u201d effect. Based on a refined grain size, the \u201cpre-refinement\u201d Al-10Si-0.48Mg alloy showed the best optimization effect in mechanical properties after a solid-solution and subsequent aging heat treatments. The best mechanical properties were found in the \u201cpre-refinement\u201d alloy with 2 h of solid solution treatment and 10 h of aging treatment: a hardness of 92 HV, a tensile strength of 212 MPa, and an elongation of 20%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15176056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:19:01Z","timestamp":1662077941000},"page":"6056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Study on the Effect of Pre-Refinement and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of Hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg Alloy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201900, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7850-5274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faguo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2013.11.058","article-title":"Effect of grain refiner on the tensile and impact properties of Al\u2013Si\u2013Mg cast alloys","volume":"56","author":"Samuel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. 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