{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:03:13Z","timestamp":1784804593633,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51574225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51574225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Taking coal under hydro-mechanical coupling as the research object, the discrete element software PFC3D (particle flow code) was used to analyze the relationships among the force, acoustic emission (AE), and energy during coal fracture. Based on the moment tensor (MT) inversion, we revealed the AE event distribution and source type during crack initiation and propagation until the final failure of coal. Meanwhile, we examined the relationships among the stress, number and type of cracks, magnitude, KE, and b value of AE under different water and confining pressures. The results show that the numerical simulation can effectively determine the microscopic damage mechanism of coal under different conditions. Moreover, the rupture type of the numerical simulation is consistent with the field investigations, which verifies the rationality of the simulation. These research results can provide reference for safety production evaluation of water inrush mines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15196510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T22:36:44Z","timestamp":1663713404000},"page":"6510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Numerical and Field Investigations of Acoustic Emission Laws of Coal Fracture under Hydro-Mechanical Coupling Loading"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jie-Fang","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining, Ministry of Education, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai-Ping","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining, Ministry of Education, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao-Wei","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiaoyun Coal Mine, Jining Energy Group, Jining 272000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Feng","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiaoyun Coal Mine, Jining Energy Group, Jining 272000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiaoyun Coal Mine, Jining Energy Group, Jining 272000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiaoyun Coal Mine, Jining Energy Group, Jining 272000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-016-2180-9","article-title":"Effect of mining on shear sidewall groundwater inrush hazard caused by seepage instability of the penetrated karst collapse pillar","volume":"82","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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