{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:02:52Z","timestamp":1791378172141,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41877194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41877194"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42167026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42167026"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022GXNSFBA035600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFBA035600"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["GLUTQD 2016047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLUTQD 2016047"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi","award":["41877194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41877194"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi","award":["42167026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42167026"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi","award":["2022GXNSFBA035600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFBA035600"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi","award":["GLUTQD 2016047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLUTQD 2016047"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Education Department (Qiangu Program)","award":["41877194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41877194"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Education Department (Qiangu Program)","award":["42167026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42167026"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Education Department (Qiangu Program)","award":["2022GXNSFBA035600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFBA035600"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Education Department (Qiangu Program)","award":["GLUTQD 2016047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLUTQD 2016047"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control","award":["41877194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41877194"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control","award":["42167026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42167026"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control","award":["2022GXNSFBA035600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFBA035600"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control","award":["GLUTQD 2016047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLUTQD 2016047"]}]},{"name":"Guilin University of Technology Program","award":["41877194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41877194"]}]},{"name":"Guilin University of Technology Program","award":["42167026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42167026"]}]},{"name":"Guilin University of Technology Program","award":["2022GXNSFBA035600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFBA035600"]}]},{"name":"Guilin University of Technology Program","award":["GLUTQD 2016047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLUTQD 2016047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A magnetite graphene oxide chitosan (MGOCS) composite microsphere was specifically prepared to efficiently adsorb As(III) from aqueous solutions. The characterization analysis of BET, XRD, VSM, TG, FTIR, XPS, and SEM-EDS was used to identify the characteristics and adsorption mechanism. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the effects of the operational parameters and to evaluate the adsorption kinetic and equilibrium isotherm. The results show that the MGOCS composite microsphere with a particle size of about 1.5 mm can be prepared by a straightforward method of dropping FeCl2, graphene oxide (GO), and chitosan (CS) mixtures into NaOH solutions and then drying the mixed solutions at 45 \u00b0C. The produced MGOCS had a strong thermal stability with a mass loss of &lt;30% below 620 \u00b0C. The specific surface area and saturation magnetization of the produced MGOCS was 66.85 m2\/g and 24.35 emu\/g, respectively. The As(III) adsorption capacity (Qe) and removal efficiency (Re) was only 0.25 mg\/g and 5.81% for GOCS, respectively. After 0.08 mol of Fe3O4 modification, more than 53% of As(III) was efficiently removed by the formed MGOCS from aqueous solutions over a wide pH range of 5\u201310, and this was almost unaffected by temperature. The coexisting ion of PO43\u2212 decreased Qe from 3.81 mg\/g to 1.32 mg\/g, but Mn2+ increased Qe from 3.50 mg\/g to 4.19 mg\/g. The As(III) adsorption fitted the best to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the maximum Qe was 20.72 mg\/g as fitted by the Sips model. After four times regeneration, the Re value of As(III) slightly decreased from 76.2% to 73.8%, and no secondary pollution of Fe happened. Chemisorption is the major mechanism for As(III) adsorption, and As(III) was adsorbed on the surface and interior of the MGOCS, while the adsorbed As(III) was partially oxidized to As(V) accompanied by the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). The produced As(V) was further adsorbed through ligand exchange (by forming Fe\u2013O\u2013As complexes) and electrostatic attraction, enhancing the As(III) removal. As an easily prepared and environmental-friendly composite, MGOCS not only greatly adsorbs As(III) but also effectively removes Cr(VI) and As(V) (Re &gt; 60%) and other metals, showing a great advantage in the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15207156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T02:29:46Z","timestamp":1665973786000},"page":"7156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["On As(III) Adsorption Characteristics of Innovative Magnetite Graphene Oxide Chitosan Microsphere"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Huimei","family":"Shan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7532-1189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunquan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunya","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanxi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2060-4904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbin","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology & Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072375","article-title":"Worldwide Occurrences of Arsenic in Ground Water","volume":"296","author":"Nordstrom","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-9140(02)00268-0","article-title":"Arsenic round the world: A review","volume":"58","author":"Mandal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ravenscroft, P., Brammer, H., and Richards, K. (2009). Arsenic Pollution: A Global Synthesis, Wiley-Blackwell.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444308785"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2009.01.005","article-title":"Aquatic arsenic: Toxicity, speciation, transformations, and remediation","volume":"35","author":"Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"EPA (2003). Design Manual: Removal of Arsenic from Drinking Water by Ion Exchange, US Environmental Protection Agency."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(01)00306-X","article-title":"As(III) removal from groundwaters using fixed-bed upflow bioreactors","volume":"47","author":"Katsoyiannis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2003.09.011","article-title":"Application of biological processes for the removal of arsenic from groundwaters","volume":"38","author":"Katsoyiannis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27059","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2594-x","article-title":"Performance of ceria\/iron oxide nano-composites based on chitosan as an effective adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) and Co(II) ions from aqueous systems","volume":"25","author":"Farokhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.01.006","article-title":"Arsenic removal from water\/wastewater using adsorbents\u2014A critical review","volume":"142","author":"Mohan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.01.092","article-title":"A weak-base fibrous anion exchanger effective for rapid phosphate removal from water","volume":"188","author":"Awual","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2020.105800","article-title":"Sustainable composite sensor material for optical cadmium(II) monitoring and capturing from wastewater","volume":"161","author":"Hasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.108","article-title":"Highly efficient removal of As(III) from aqueous solutions using goethite\/graphene oxide\/chitosan nanocomposite","volume":"164","author":"Shan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.07.038","article-title":"Efficient arsenic(V) removal from water by ligand exchange fibrous adsorbent","volume":"46","author":"Awual","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115107","article-title":"Efficient removal of arsenic from groundwater using iron oxide nanoneedle array-decorated biochar fibers with high Fe utilization and fast adsorption kinetics","volume":"167","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10316","DOI":"10.1021\/es501527c","article-title":"Respective Role of Fe and Mn Oxide Contents for Arsenic Sorption in Iron and Manganese Binary Oxide: An X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Investigation","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.124470","article-title":"As(III) adsorption on Fe-Mn binary oxides: Are Fe and Mn oxides synergistic or antagonistic for arsenic removal?","volume":"389","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2016.02.035","article-title":"Chitosan-functionalized graphene oxide: A novel adsorbent an efficient adsorption of arsenic from aqueous solution","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.08.014","article-title":"Removal of arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) from aqueous medium using chitosan-coated biosorbent","volume":"42","author":"Boddu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.05.117","article-title":"Adsorption of arsenic using chitosan magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite","volume":"246","author":"Sherlala","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.060","article-title":"Iron oxides decorated graphene oxide\/chitosan composite beads for enhanced Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution","volume":"172","author":"Shan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.170","article-title":"Efficient removal of Chromium(VI) from aqueous solution using chitosan grafted graphene oxide (CS-GO) nanocomposite","volume":"121","author":"Samuel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.104992","article-title":"Interaction of graphene oxide with co-existing arsenite and arsenate: Adsorption, transformation and combined toxicity","volume":"131","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2013.01.074","article-title":"Adsorbent for chromium removal based on graphene oxide functionalized with magnetic cyclodextrin\u2013chitosan","volume":"107","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17426","DOI":"10.1021\/am504826q","article-title":"Graphene Oxide\u2013MnFe2O4 Magnetic Nanohybrids for Efficient Removal of Lead and Arsenic from Water","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.04.085","article-title":"Core-shell Fe3O4@Au nanocomposite as dual-functional optical probe and potential removal system for arsenic (III) from Water","volume":"375","author":"Banerjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2015.10.053","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of magnetite-graphene oxide and magnetite-reduced graphene oxide composite for As(III) and As(V) removal","volume":"304","author":"Yoon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112209","article-title":"Chitosan magnetic graphene grafted polyaniline doped with cobalt oxide for removal of Arsenic(V) from water","volume":"207","author":"Gabris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.151","article-title":"A comparative study of magnetic chitosan (Chi@Fe3O4) and graphene oxide modified magnetic chitosan (Chi@Fe3O4GO) nanocomposites for efficient removal of Cr(VI) from water","volume":"137","author":"Subedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33925-7","article-title":"Fabrication of chitosan\/magnetite-graphene oxide composites as a novel bioadsorbent for adsorption and detoxification of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2014.03.012","article-title":"Magnetic chitosan-GO nanocomposite: Synthesis, characterization and batch adsorber design for Cr(VI) removal","volume":"2","author":"Debnath","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2012.11.006","article-title":"Highly selective adsorption of lead ions by water-dispersible magnetic chitosan\/graphene oxide composites","volume":"103","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.02.067","article-title":"Preparation of novel magnetic chitosan\/graphene oxide composite as effective adsorbents toward methylene blue","volume":"114","author":"Fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2017.09.023","article-title":"Hierarchical magnetic\/chitosan\/graphene oxide 3D nanostructure as highly effective adsorbent","volume":"97","author":"Taher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2013.11.034","article-title":"Preparation of polyamides 6 (PA6)\/Chitosan@FexOy composite nanofibers by electrospinning and pyrolysis and their Cr(VI)-removal performance","volume":"224","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2019.122245","article-title":"Sol-gel derived Fe3O4 quantum dot decorated silica composites for effective removal of arsenic (III) from water","volume":"240","author":"Rakibuddin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2012.01.073","article-title":"Adsorption of As (III) and As (V) from water using magnetite Fe3O4-reduced graphite oxide\u2013MnO2 nanocomposites","volume":"187","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.02.037","article-title":"Well-dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles anchored on Fe3O4 magnetic nanosheets for efficient arsenic removal","volume":"237","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-007-8321-3","article-title":"A kinetic study on the thermal behaviour of chitosan","volume":"91","author":"Alguacil","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.08.038","article-title":"Preparation of chitosan\/graphene oxide composite film with enhanced mechanical strength in the wet state","volume":"83","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cap.2021.07.006","article-title":"Probing the role of hydrolytically stable, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane crosslinked chitosan\/graphene oxide membrane towards Congo red dye adsorption","volume":"40","author":"Jadoon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117575","article-title":"Synthesis of zinc hydroxystannate\/reduced graphene oxide composites using chitosan to improve poly(vinyl chloride) performance","volume":"256","author":"Huo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.086","article-title":"Immobilizing magnetic glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan on graphene oxide and nitrogen-doped graphene oxide as well-dispersible adsorbents for chromate removal from aqueous solutions","volume":"128","author":"Esmaeilkhanian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.052","article-title":"Preparation of graphene oxide\/chitosan\/ferrite nanocomposite for Chromium(VI) removal from aqueous solution","volume":"119","author":"Samuel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.009","article-title":"Preparation of graphene oxide\/chitosan\/FeOOH nanocomposite for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution","volume":"80","author":"Sheshmani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2004.08.004","article-title":"Structure analysis and degree of substitution of chitin, chitosan and dibutyrylchitin by FT-IR spectroscopy and solid state 13C NMR","volume":"58","author":"Kiekens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.6b02254","article-title":"Self-Assembled Sponge-like Chitosan\/Reduced Graphene Oxide\/Montmorillonite Composite Hydrogels without Cross-Linking of Chitosan for Effective Cr(VI) Sorption","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.12.070","article-title":"Remediation of arsenic(III) from aqueous solutions using improved nanoscale zero-valent iron on pumice","volume":"288","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubra, K.T., Salman, M.S., Znad, H., and Hasan, M.N. (2021). Efficient encapsulation of toxic dye from wastewater using biodegradable polymeric adsorbent. J. Mol. Liq., 329.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.115541"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naushad, M., Alqadami, A.A., Al-Kahtani, A.A., Ahamad, T., Awual, M.R., and Tatarchuk, T. (2019). Adsorption of textile dye using para-aminobenzoic acid modified activated carbon: Kinetic and equilibrium studies. J. Mol. Liq., 296.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2019.112075"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.02.079","article-title":"Polyaniline\/Fe0 composite nanofibers: An excellent adsorbent for the removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions","volume":"271","author":"Bhaumik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4982","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61763-z","article-title":"Hollow Polyaniline Microsphere\/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite as an Effective Adsorbent for Removal of Arsenic from Water","volume":"10","author":"Dutta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115147","article-title":"Enhanced As(III) removal from aqueous solutions by recyclable Cu@MNM composite membranes via synergistic oxidation and absorption","volume":"168","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1021\/cr00094a002","article-title":"Arsenic speciation in the environment","volume":"89","author":"Cullen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(00)00380-X","article-title":"Distribution of arsenic(III), arsenic(V) and total inorganic arsenic in porewaters from a thick till and clay-rich aquitard sequence, Saskatchewan, Canada","volume":"64","author":"Yan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00080-2","article-title":"Combined effects of anions on arsenic removal by iron hydroxides","volume":"133","author":"Meng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1021\/es0109500","article-title":"Arsenic(III) Oxidation by Birnessite and Precipitation of Manganese(II) Arsenate","volume":"36","author":"Tournassat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.02.137","article-title":"Adsorption behavior and mechanism of arsenate at Fe\u2013Mn binary oxide\/water interface","volume":"168","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shan, H., Zhang, J., Peng, S., Zhan, H., and Liao, D. (2021). Sorption of Monothioarsenate to the Natural Sediments and Its Competition with Arsenite and Arsenate. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312839"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.11.008","article-title":"Removal of As(III) and As(V) from water by copper oxide incorporated mesoporous alumina","volume":"186","author":"Pillewan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2011.12.007","article-title":"Selective recognition of arsenic by tailoring ion-imprinted polymer for ICP-MS quantification","volume":"89","author":"Tsoi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1021\/ja02242a004","article-title":"The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum J","volume":"40","author":"Langmuir","year":"1918","journal-title":"Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02039913","article-title":"Adsorption of low level 51Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by bismuth trioxide: Kinetic and IR study","volume":"180","author":"Bhutani","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2011.01.034","article-title":"As(III) removal from aqueous solution using \u03b1-Fe2O3 impregnated chitosan beads with As(III) as imprinted ions","volume":"272","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.06.008","article-title":"As(III) removal using an iron-impregnated chitosan sorbent","volume":"182","author":"Gang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8905","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NJ01450C","article-title":"Highly efficient simultaneous adsorption of Cd(ii), Hg(ii) and As(iii) ions from aqueous solutions by modification of graphene oxide with 3-aminopyrazole: Central composite design optimization","volume":"41","author":"Alimohammady","year":"2017","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2017.02.065","article-title":"High-performance iron oxide\u2013graphene oxide nanocomposite adsorbents for arsenic removal","volume":"522","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121440","article-title":"Effect of the degree of oxidation of graphene oxide on As(III) adsorption","volume":"384","author":"Tovar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.05.040","article-title":"Preparation and evaluation of iron\u2013chitosan composites for removal of As(III) and As(V) from arsenic contaminated real life groundwater","volume":"43","author":"Gupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.01.009","article-title":"Removal of As(III) and As(V) from aqueous solutions using nanoscale zero valent iron-reduced graphite oxide modified composites","volume":"268","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1080\/01496395.2014.949774","article-title":"Dispersion of FeOOH on Chitosan Matrix for Simultaneous Removal of As(III) and As(V) from Drinking Water","volume":"49","author":"Hasan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/15\/20\/7156\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:53:53Z","timestamp":1760144033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/15\/20\/7156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ma15207156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma15207156","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]}}}